浅论拱桥的技术进步与挑战

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1、桥梁建设2012年第42卷第2期(总第212期)BridgeConstruction，Vo1．42，No．2，2012(TotallyNo．212)文章编号：1003—4722(2012)02—0013—08浅论拱桥的技术进步与挑战李亚东，姚昌荣，梁艳(西南交通大学桥梁工程系，四川成都610031)摘要：通过分析百年来拱桥(包括钢拱桥、钢筋混凝土拱桥、钢管混凝土拱桥)跨度发展的基本特点，并根据各种拱桥施工技术的基本特征，把拱桥施工方法分为3大类，即支架法、悬臂法和大件转移法。基于拱桥施工技术，探讨了中国拱桥发展历程q-的构造、耐久性等技术问题。为厘清桥梁结构与建筑的关系，以及桥梁力学

2、和桥梁美学的关系，将桥式方案的确定分为桥梁选型与桥梁造型两部分，提出桥梁选型与造型的基本原则，即在结构选型上，为“受力明确，构造从简”；在结构造型上，为‘‘造型／间ea-洁，整体协调”；在建设投资上，为“建造便捷，投资合理”；在桥梁特色上，为“环境和谐，特征明显”，并通过实例分析阐述了此原则。关键词：拱桥；造型；构造；施工方法；耐久性中图分类号：U448．22文献标志码：AOnTechnicalAdvancementandChallengeofArchBridgesLIYa—dong，YAOChang—rong，LIANGYan(DepartmentofBridgeEngineeri

3、ng，SouthwestJiaotongUniversity，Chengdu610031，China)Abstract：Thebasiccharacteristicsofspanlengthdevelopmentofsomearchbridges(inclu—dingthesteel，reinforcedconcreteandconcretefilledsteeltubearchbridges)havingbeenbuiltintheworldintherecentonecenturyaresurveyedandwithreferencetothethebasiccharacteri

4、sticsofthetechniqueshavingbeenappliedtoconstructionofthedifferenttypesofthebridges，theconstructionmethodsforthebridgesaresummrizedintothreemajorkinds，thatis，thescaffol—dingmethod，cantilevermethodandlargecomponentshiftingmethod．Onthebasisofthetech—niauesfortheconstructionofthebridges，severaltech

5、nicalissuesonthestructuresanddurabilityofthearchbridgesinChinaintheirdevelopmentprocessarestudied．Toclarifytherelationshipbetweenthestructuresandarchitecturalstyleofthebridgesandtherelationshipbetweentheme—chanicsandaesthetics，thedeterminationofabridgetypeschemeisdividedintotWOaspectsofthebridg

6、etypeselectionandbridgeconfigurationandtherelatedbasicprinciplesareputforward，thatis，forthebridgetypeselection，theprincipleisthatofthe”clearforceconditionsandsimplestructure”，forthebridgeconfiguration，theprincipleisthe”simpleconfigurationandintegralcoordination”，fortheconstructioninvestment，the

7、principleisthe”easyconstructionandration—a1cost”whileforthefeaturesOfthebridgeitself，theprincipleisthe”harmonywithenvironmentanddistinguishedfeatures”andfurtheralltheseprinciplesmentionedherewithareelaboratedandanalyzedbywayofcase