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1、FriendshipUnit1Discoveringusefulstructures直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语。直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句时，转换为间接引语时,在句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等方面都有变化。转述他人的陈述→陈述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher
2、?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替。注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，但不可直接说toldthat。Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”Hesaid(tous)thathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesa
3、id,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.解题步骤:陈述句“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.Sarah一般疑问句Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanyd
4、ifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序一般疑问句“Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?”They
5、askedhim.TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.解题步骤:特殊疑问句Hesaidtome,“What'syourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountr
6、y?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序特殊疑问句Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.解题步骤:选择疑问句Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglish
7、orFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完
8、成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时人称的变
