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1、Unit5DiscoveringusefulstructuresThepowerofnature1.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.2.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemynotice.Examinethesentencesbelowandtellthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenthesetwosentences.Inthefirstsentence,thetwoactionsa
2、rehappeningatthesametime;whereasinthesecondsentence,experiencingquiteafewearthquakeshappenedbeforetookmynotice.1.Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,Ihelpotherscientists…2.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.3.Havingearliercollectedspecialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbefore…4.Havin
3、gstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iamstill…Moresentencesinthereadingpassage.分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，分别等于被省略的状语从句或并列谓语结构。作状语在句首时，有时可以和when,unless,once,while,if,though等连词连用。现在分词作状语，与句子主语存在主动关系。Thev–ingformasanadverbialv-ing作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。v-ing作状语常表示时间
4、、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。Ifelttired.Iwenttobedearly.Ihadworkedhardallday.Iwenttobedearly.Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.作时间状语Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,…)Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.作原因状语Beingtired,Istoppedtot
5、akearest.(=BecauseIwastired,…)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.作条件状语Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Ifyouturntheleft,…)Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.=Workinghard,you'llsucceed.作让步状语Workinghardashedid,hewasstillunabletosupportthewholefamily.KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme
6、.=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.作伴随状语Istoodthere,waitingforher.(=…,andwaitedforher.)FollowingMike,theystartedtoclimb.Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily,andtheyranoutoftheroom.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用一般式；在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式
7、。如：Seeingthestrangercomingtowardshim，littleJimranawayasfastashecould. (see和ran几乎同时发生）HavingstudiedEnglishforthreeyears,hecanreadbriefstoriesinEnglish. (study发生在read之前）动词-ing形式作状语的时态动词-ing的完成式，即：having+P.P(过
