《垂体前叶功能减退》PPT课件

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1、垂体前叶功能减退解放军总医院内分泌科窦京涛垂体解剖Functionsofthepituitarygland:Eachlobeofthepituitaryglandproducescertainhormones.anteriorlobe:growthhormoneprolactin-tostimulatemilkproductionaftergivingbirthACTH(adrenocorticotropichormone)-tostimulatetheadrenalglandsTSH(thyroid-stimulatinghormone)-tostimulate

2、thethyroidglandFSH(follicle-stimulatinghormone)-tostimulatetheovariesandtestesLH(luteinizinghormone)-tostimulatetheovariesortestesintermediatelobe:melanocyte-stimulatinghormone-tocontrolskinpigmentationposteriorlobe:ADH(antidiuretichormone)-toincreaseabsorptionofwaterintothebloodbythek

3、idneysoxytocin-tocontracttheuterusduringchildbirthandstimulatemilkproductionHypopituitarismHypopituitarismisageneraltermthatreferstoanyunderfunctionofthepituitarygland.Thisisaclinicaldefinitionusedbyendocrinologistsandisinterpretedtomeanthatoneormorefunctionsofthepituitaryaredeficient.T

4、hetermmayrefertobothanteriorandposteriorpituitaryglandfailure.CausesofhypopituitarismDeficientpituitaryglandfunctioncanresultfromdamagetoeitherthepituitaryortheareajustabovethepituitary,thehypothalamus.Thehypothalamuscontainsreleasingandinhibitoryhormoneswhichcontrolthepituitary.Sinceth

5、esehormonesarenecessaryfornormalpituitaryfunction,damagetothehypothalamuscanalsoresultindeficientpituitaryglandfunction.Injurytothepituitarycanoccurfromavarietyofinsults,includingdamagefromanenlargingpituitarytumor,irradiationtothepituitary,pituitaryapoplexy,traumaandabnormalironstorage

6、(hemochromatosis).Withincreasingdamagethereisaprogressivedecreaseinfunction.Thereappearstobeapredictablelossofhormonalfunctionwithincreasingdamage.Theprogressionfrommostvulnerabletoleastvulnerableisusuallyasfollows:firstisgrowthhormone(GH),nextthegonadotropins(LHandFSHwhichcontrolsexual

7、/reproductivefunction),followedbyTSH(whichcontrolthyroidhormonerelease)andfinallythelasttobelostistypicallyACTH(whichcontrolsadrenalfunction).Sheehan'sSyndromeSheehan'ssyndromeisaconditionthatmayoccurinawomanwhohasasevereuterinehemorrhageduringchildbirth.Theresultingsevereblood