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1、BiochemistryForSpecialtyofBiotechnologyorBioengineeringatCSUMr.XIAJinlanChapter11NucleotidesandNucleicacids核苷酸和核酸Informationtransferinacell细胞中信息的转化Thebases,nucleosideandNucleotide碱基、核苷、核苷酸BasicStructureofnucleicacids核酸结构Classesofnucleicacids核酸的类型Hydrolysesofnucleicacids核酸的水解
2、Informationtransferinacell细胞中信息的转化DNAistransformingmaterial（DNA是转化物质）InformationflowandCentraldogma信息流与中心法则DNAistransformingmaterial（DNA是转化物质）Griffth’stransformingexperiments(1928)showedsomematerialsinsidetheSstrainhadtransferredtoLiveRstrain证明细胞内物质能在细胞间转化OTAverytestifiedthe
3、transformingsubstancewasDNA(1944)证明转化物质是DNAAHersheyandMChasefurthertestifiedtransformingsubstancewasDNAbyinfectionofbacteriawithT2(1952)进一步通过噬菌体T2对细菌感染的试验证明转化物质是DNAQuestion:Pleasepointoutthebiomoleculesthatarerelatedtotheinformationflow.请指出与信息流相关的生物分子Informationflow信息流mRNAPr
4、oteinTranscription转录Reversetranscription反转录Translation翻译Geneexpression基因表达Centraldogma中心法则DNAThebases,nucleosideandNucleotide（碱基、核苷、核苷酸）Nucleoside=base-sugarThetwotypesofcommonbasesThetwotypesofcommonsugarsNucleotide=Nucleoside-phosphateStructureofarepresentativenucleotide代表
5、性核苷酸结构Namesofcommonbases,nucleosidesandnucleotides常见碱基，核苷和核苷酸名称HighenergyPhosophoesterbonds高能磷酯键Otherimportantformsofnucleotides其它重要核苷酸类型TwotypesofbasesinnucleicacidsPyrimidine嘧啶Purine嘌呤Uracil尿嘧啶Thymine胸腺嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶Guanine鸟嘌呤Adenine腺嘌呤(onlyinRNA)(onlyinDNA)InbothDNAandRNAT
6、wotypesofsugarsinnucleicacidsD-RiboseD-2-Deoxyribose(onlyinRNA)(onlyinDNA)Structureofarepresentativenucleotide代表性核苷酸结构e.g.,Adenine腺嘌呤,Adenosine腺苷,Adenosinephosphate腺苷酸Base:adenineNucleoside:adenosineNucleotideAdenosine5’-monophosphateAdenosine5’-diphosphateAdenosine5’-tripho
7、sphateNamesofcommonbases,nucleosidesandnucleotides常见碱基，核苷和核苷酸Base碱基Nucleoside核苷Nucleotide核苷酸basePurinesAdenine,AGuanine,Gbase-(deoxy)ribose(deoxy)Adenosine(deoxy)Guanosinebase-(deoxy)ribose-phosphate(d)ATP,(d)ADP,(d)AMP(d)GTP,(d)GDP,(d)GMPPyrimidinesThymine,TCytosine,C(deoxy
8、)Thymidine(deoxy)Cytidine(d)TTP,(d)TDP,(d)TMP(d)CTP,(d)CDP,(d)CMPADP(adenos
