nucleic acids - de anza college：核酸-德安萨学院

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1、Chapter17NucleicAcidsandProteinSynthesis17.1ComponentsofNucleicAcids1NucleicAcidsNucleicacidsaremoleculesthatstoreinformationforcellulargrowthandreproductiondeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)andribonucleicacid(RNA)largemoleculesconsistingoflongchainsofmonomerscallednucleotidesfoundinthecellnucleus2Nuclei

2、cAcidsThenucleicacidsDNAandRNAconsistofmonomerscallednucleotidesthatconsistofapentosesugarbasephosphate3nucleotideBasesThebasesinDNAandRNAarepyrimidinesC,T,andUpurinesAandG4BasesinDNAandRNADNAcontainsthebasesCytosine(C)Guanine(G)sameinbothDNAandRNAAdenine(A)Thymine(T)differentinDNAthaninRNARNAcont

3、ainsthebasesCytosine(C)Guanine(G)sameinbothDNAandRNAAdenine(A)Uracil(U)differentinRNAthaninDNA5PentoseSugarsThepentose(five-carbon)sugarinRNAisriboseinDNAisdeoxyribose,withnoOatomoncarbon2'hascarbonatomsnumberedwithprimestodistinguishthemfromtheatomsinthebases6NucleosidesAnucleosideisacombinationo

4、fasugarandbasehasabaselinkedbyaglycosidicbondtoC1′ofasugar(riboseordeoxyribose)isnamedbychangingthebaseendingto-osineforpurinesand-idineforpyrimidines7NucleosidesAbaseformsanN-glycosidicbondwithariboseordeoxyribosesugartoformanucleoside.8NucleotidesAnucleotideisformedwhenthephosphategrouponC5′inth

5、enucleosidegroupbondsto−OHonC5′ofariboseordeoxyribosesugarisnamedusingthenameofthenucleoside,followedby5′-monophosphate9NucleotidesThenucleotidesofRNAareidenticaltothoseofDNA,exceptinDNAthesugarisdeoxyriboseanddeoxythymidinereplacesuridine.10ComponentsinDNAandRNA11NamingNucleosidesandNucleotidesNu

6、cleosidesthatcontainapurineendwithosinethatcontainapyrimidineendwithidineofDNAadddeoxytothebeginningoftheirnameCorrespondingnucleotidesinRNAandDNAarenamedbyadding-5'-monophosphate.AbbreviationsforbasesA,G,C,U,andTareoftenusedinrespectivenucleosidesandnucleotides.12NucleosidesandNucleotidesinDNA,R

7、NA13LearningCheckGivethenameandabbreviationforthefollowingandlistitsbaseandsugar.14SolutionGivethenameandabbreviationforthefollowingandlistitsbaseandsugar.ThenameofthisnucleotideisGuanosine-59-monophosphate(GMP)