《国际商务》PPT课件

《《国际商务》PPT课件》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、NationalDifferencesinPoliticalEconomy政治体制POLITICALSYSTEMS经济体制ECONOMICSYSTEMS法律体制LEGALSYSTEMSPOLITICALSYSTEMS政治体制：一个国家的政府体制Apoliticalsystemisthesystemofgovernmentinanation政治体制可以用两个相关的指标来考察：Politicalsystemscanbeassessedaccordingto:1.体制中对集体主义和对个人主义的重视程度thedegreetowhichtheyemphasizecollectivismasopposed

2、toindividualism2.体制中的民主和集权的程度thedegreetowhichtheyaredemocraticortotalitarianPOLITICALSYSTEMSCollectivismreferstoasystemthatstressestheprimacyofcollectivegoalsoverindividualgoals集体主义是指集体目标优先于个人目标的一种政治体制Whencollectivismisemphasized,theneedsofthesocietyaswholearegenerallyviewedasbeingmoreimportantthani

3、ndividualfreedoms当强调集体主义时，被视为一个整体的社会需求通常认为比个人主义要重要得多Individualismisapoliticalphilosophythatanindividualshouldhavefreedomoverhisorhereconomicandpoliticalpursuits.从政治的角度个人主义是指人应该享有经济和政治追求的自由Individualismfocuseson:个人主义强调guaranteeingindividualfreedomandself-expression强调个人自由和个人表达lettingpeoplepursuetheiro

4、wnself-interestinordertoachievethebestoverallgoodforsociety强调只有通过让人民追求自己的经济利益，才能达到社会福利的最大化ECONOMICSYSTEMSMarketEconomy市场经济Inapuremarketeconomythegoodsandservicesthatacountryproduces,andthequantityinwhichtheyareproducedisdeterminedbysupplyanddemandCommandEconomy指令（计划）经济Inapurecommandeconomythegoodsan

5、dservicesthatacountryproduces,thequantityinwhichtheyareproduced,andthepriceatwhichtheyaresoldareallplannedbythegovernmentMixedEconomy混合经济AmixedeconomyincludessomeelementsofamarketeconomyandsomeelementsofacommandeconomyLEGALSYSTEMSThelegalsystemofacountryistherules,orlaws,thatregulatebehavior,alongwi

6、ththeprocessesbywhichthelawsofacountryareenforcedandthroughwhichredressforgrievancesisobtained.一国的法律体系或制度指的是法令或者法律，它们规定行为要合乎实施法律的程序，并且通过法律纠正冤情。世界不同的法律体系普通法系thecommonlawsystem大陆法系thecivillawsystem宗教法系thetheocraticlawsystemLEGALSYSTEMS普通法系thecommonlawsystem是以传统、先例和惯例为基础（basedontradition,precedent,andc

7、ustom）。传统是一个国家的法律历史，先例是法院以前判过的案例，而惯例则是指应用法律的具体方式。大陆法系thecivillawsystem是以十分详尽的法律条文所组成的法典为基础的宗教法系thetheocraticlawsystem是以宗教教义为基础的法律制度。Home-CountryPerspectiveGovernmentactivity政府的措施Embargoesandtradesanct