《汉英翻译基础》电子教案

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1、《汉英翻译基础》讲义第1章绪论1.1翻译的性质和类型1.1.1翻译的概念1)翻译是跨语言(cross-linguistic)，跨文化(cross-cultural)，跨社会(cross-social)的交际活动。2)翻译是一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言，跨文化的交际活动。Translationisarepresentationorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换.Translationisalwaysmeaning-

2、based.1.1.2对翻译的性质，有过许多描述，其中奈达(Eugene.A.Nida)的论述是:“翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。”Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptor/targetlanguage,theclosetnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaning,andsecondlyintermsofstyle.1.1.3翻译是科学(science)，是艺术(art)，是技能(c

3、raft)翻译是科学，因为它涉及思维和语言,反映了存在与认识,主体与客体的关系,这种关系可用受一定规律支配的语言加以描述,翻译有科学规律可循,所以是科学。Translationisakindofsciencebecauseithasawholesetofrulesgoverningitandcertainobjectivelawstogobyintheprocessoftranslatingjustasothersciencesdo.翻译是艺术，因为翻译是译者对原文再创造的过程。译者不可避免地带有自己的主观色彩，有他自己的独创性。Translationisa

4、lsoanart,abilingualart.Likepainting,translationenablesustoreproducethefinethoughtofsomebody,notincolors,butinwords,inwordsofadifferentlanguage.翻译是技能，译者需采用增词，减词，切分,转换等方法。Besides,it’salsoacraft,becauseintranslation,certainskillsandtechniqueareneededinordertoattainclearnessofstyle,and

5、fluencyinlanguage.47Whatisthedifferencebetweenatranslatorandawriter,or“reproducing”and“writing”?Inhistalkonliterarytranslationpublishedin1954GuoMoruopointedout,“Translationiscreativework.Goodtranslationisasgoodaswritingandmaybeevenbetterthanit.Sometimestranslationismoredifficulttha

6、nwriting.Awritermusthaveexperienceinlife,butatranslatorhastoexperiencewhatthewriterhasexperienced.Atthesametime,atranslatormustnotonlybeproficientinhismothertonguebutalsohaveaverygoodfoundationinaforeignlanguage.Therefore,translationisnoteasierthanwritingatall.”Writerscandecide:1)w

7、hattowrite(content);2)whomtowriteto;3)howtowrite;Butatranslatorcan’tdecidethese,soatranslatormust:1)avoidthethingsofyourown,suchasyourfeelingorculture.2)breakthebarriersbetweentwolanguagesandcultures,andbridgethegapbetweenthetwo.1.1.4可译性(translatability)与不可译性(untranslatability)1)Tr

8、anslationispossibleTransla