基础笔译第五讲

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1、第五讲增删重组增删重组的必要性汉译英的增删主要是因为两种文化与观念的不同通常反映在语言上。进行汉译英时译者的最终目的是让外国读者理解汉语原文所传达的信息，正确领会其中包含的理念，而不是简单地追求表面的对等。增删是有原则的，增加的成分必须与原文所要表达的思想关系密切，起到强化原文思想的目的；删减的成分必须是无关原文思想表达的附属性内容或英文表达中的多余内容。详见泰特勒的论述：Ifitisnecessarythatatranslatorshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork,itbecomesaquestion

2、,whetheritisallowableinanycasetoaddtotheideasoftheoriginalwhatmayappeartogivegreaterforceorillustration;ortotakefromthemwhatmayseemtoweakenthemfromredundancy.TogiveageneralanswertothisquestionIwouldsay,thatthislibertymaybeused,butwiththegreatestcaution.Itmustbefurtherobserved,thatthesuperadde

3、dideashallhavethemostnecessaryconnectionwiththeoriginalthought,andactuallyincreaseitsforce.And,ontheotherhand,thatwhetheranideaiscutoffbythetranslator,itmustbeonlysuchasisanaccessory,andnotaprincipalintheclauseorsentence.Itmustlikewisebeconfessedlyredundant,sothatitsretrenchmentshallnotimpair

4、orweakentheoriginalthought.增词翻译增补冠词：他在那个大学里任语文教员。Heworkedasalanguageteacherinthatuniversity.（冠词表类别）这些都是我想看的小说。ThesearethenovelsIwanttoread.（特指）增补代词Nooneistoooldtolearn.（主语）活到老，学到老。他耸耸肩，要摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。Heshruggedhisshoulders,shookhishead,castuphiseyes,butsaidnothing.（物主代词）请原谅，打断一下。Excusemeforin

5、terruptingyou.（宾语）他们躲藏起来了。Theyhidethemselves.（反身代词）增补动词别傻里傻气。Don’tbehavefoolishly.增补介词星期天上街去了。WewenttothestreetonSunday.明天坐车去公园。Wearegoingtotheparkbybustomorrow.增补连词你不去，我也不去。Iwon’tgoifyouarenotgoing.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。Aslongasthegreenmountainsarehere,oneshouldnotworryaboutfirewood.增补it你这样想是很自然的。Itis

6、naturalforyoutothinkso.增补汉语中暗含而无需说明的部分。报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。Universityapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.科学事业要提倡顾全大局。Thespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsiderationisadvocatedinthecauseofscienceandtechnology.从文化的角度增译词语三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。Threecobblerswiththeirwits

7、combinedwouldequalChukehLiangthemastermind.铁饭碗“ironricebow”,China’ssystemoflifetimejobandincomesecurity.减词翻译/省译省译表范畴的词语：汉语中有些词如“任务、工作、情况”等，通常有具体的意义，自然应当照译，但是它们用来表明范畴时，则失去了具体含义，可省译。准备工作preparation自满情绪arrogance落后状态backwardness疯狂行为madness紧张关系ten