grammar and usage定语从句高中

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1、●GrammarandusageI.定语从句讲析（Theattributiveclause）一、关键词1.定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that,which,who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词可以1)代替先行词；2)引导定语从句；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedint

2、heearthquake.句中，thecar为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句whichmyunclehadjustbought，同时代替先行词thecar在定语从句中作主语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。Thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.In1519anothertravelerwhowenttoAmericafromEuropediscoveredtomatoes.ThecompetitorwhowonthemostgoldmedalswasDavidBeckham.

3、2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.ThepersonwhomyoushouldaskisMr.Ball.TheathletewhomIlikedmostwasCarlLewis.Theboy(who／whom／that／)wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。FruittreeswhichoncegrewonlyinChinacanbefoundinmanypartsoftheworl

4、d.Thegoldmedalwhichshewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。ThewomanthatIreadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.Cornisaveryusefulplantthatcanbepreparedinmanydifferentways.ThereportthatMr.Turnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.5.whose通常指人，有时也可指物

5、，在定语从句中做定语。Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallen.Note:whose指物时，常用ofwhich结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.三、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在

6、定语从句中作时间状语。DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?Thetimewhenmyfatherworkedwasahardtime.ThereweretimeswhenIdidn’tknowwhattodo.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.Hehelpedhisfatheronthesmallfarmwheretheylived.Thefarmwherewepickedcottonwasninekilometersaway.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Thesea

7、rethereasonswhywedoit.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：I’llneverforgetthedaywhen／onwhichIjoinedthearmy.Kentuckyisthestatewhere／inwhichLincolnwasborn.Thereasonwhy／forwhichherefusedtheinvitation