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1、AttributiveClauseGrammar—AttributiveClause一、限制性和非限制性定语从句1.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.（非限制性）2.当先行词是专有名
2、词或物主代词和指示代词时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。Heseemsnottohavegrasped
3、whatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。二、关系代词1.who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.注意:先行词是those、anyone用who
4、2.whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.Isawatreewhoseleaves/theleavesofwhich/ofwhichtheleaveswereyellow.3.which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Aprosperity
5、which/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.4.关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况 ①引导非限定性定语从句时。 ②介词后不能用。 Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood. Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用t
6、hat作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 ①在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。 ②在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。③先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。 6AttributiveClause ④先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. ⑤先行词既有人，又有物时。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Final
7、ly,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时只用thatWhoisthemanthatwonthegoldmedal?Whichisthebikethatyoulost?⑦有两个定语从句时，一个用which另一个用thatThesecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.⑧当先行词在主句中做表语，而
8、关系代词在从句中也做表语时用thatShanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.5.关系代词which的用法prep.whichThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunlived.注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词放在which之前Thisisthepenthat/whichI’mlookingfor.介词+关系代词（which）=where/when6.as1)suc
