曼昆《经济学原理》16oligopoly--(汉魅hanmei—经济金融类汇总分享)

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1、16OligopolyBETWEENMONOPOLYANDPERFECTCOMPETITIONImperfectcompetitionreferstothosemarketstructuresthatfallbetweenperfectcompetitionandpuremonopoly.BETWEENMONOPOLYANDPERFECTCOMPETITIONImperfectcompetitionincludesindustriesinwhichfirmshavecompetitorsbutdonotfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyarepricetaker

2、s.BETWEENMONOPOLYANDPERFECTCOMPETITIONTypesofImperfectlyCompetitiveMarketsOligopolyOnlyafewsellers,eachofferingasimilaroridenticalproducttotheothers.MonopolisticCompetitionManyfirmssellingproductsthataresimilarbutnotidentical.Figure1TheFourTypesofMarketStructureCopyright©2004South-Western•Tapwat

3、er•CableTVMonopoly(Chapter15)•Novels•MoviesMonopolisticCompetition(Chapter17)•Tennisballs•CrudeoilOligopoly(Chapter16)NumberofFirms?Perfect•Wheat•MilkCompetition(Chapter14)TypeofProducts?IdenticalproductsDifferentiatedproductsOnefirmFewfirmsManyfirmsMARKETSWITHONLYAFEWSELLERSBecauseofthefewselle

4、rs,thekeyfeatureofoligopolyisthetensionbetweencooperationandself-interest.MARKETSWITHONLYAFEWSELLERSCharacteristicsofanOligopolyMarketFewsellersofferingsimilaroridenticalproductsInterdependentfirmsBestoffcooperatingandactinglikeamonopolistbyproducingasmallquantityofoutputandchargingapriceabovema

5、rginalcostADuopolyExampleAduopolyisanoligopolywithonlytwomembers.Itisthesimplesttypeofoligopoly.Table1TheDemandScheduleforWaterCopyright©2004South-WesternADuopolyExamplePriceandQuantitySuppliedThepriceofwaterinaperfectlycompetitivemarketwouldbedriventowherethemarginalcostiszero:P=MC=$0Q=120gallo

6、nsThepriceandquantityinamonopolymarketwouldbewheretotalprofitismaximized:P=$60Q=60gallonsADuopolyExamplePriceandQuantitySuppliedThesociallyefficientquantityofwateris120gallons,butamonopolistwouldproduceonly60gallonsofwater.Sowhatoutcomethencouldbeexpectedfromduopolists?Competition,Monopolies,and

7、CartelsTheduopolistsmayagreeonamonopolyoutcome.CollusionAnagreementamongfirmsinamarketaboutquantitiestoproduceorpricestocharge.CartelAgroupoffirmsactinginunison.Competition,Monopolies,andCartelsAlthougholigopolistswouldliket