材料测试技术chapter 10

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1、PartII:Metal-CastingProcessesandEquipment金属铸造工艺与设备Forming:成型Molding:造型Powdermetallurgy:　粉末冶金Pouring:　浇注Ornament:　装饰物Intricate:复杂的Hollow:中空的Fig.II.1Castpartsinatypicalautomobile,图２．１　一个典型的汽车中的铸造部件Waterpump:水泵Pulley:滑轮Grill:栅栏Intakeandexhaustmanifold:进气和排气管Diskbrake:刹车片Brakedrum:制动

2、鼓Brakecylinder:闸缸Lettering:　编字码Differentialhousing:差速机壳Transmissionhousing:变速机壳Engineblock:汽缸体Carburetor:化油器Piston:阳模Alternatorhousing:同步发电机壳SandShellExpandablepatternPlasterCeramicInvestmentExpandablemoldFoundriesMetalcastingprocessesPermanentmoldSlushPressureDieCentrifugalSquee

3、zeSemisolidSingle-crystalgrowingSinglecrystalformicroelectronicsSingle-crystalturbinebladesDirectionalsolidificationCompositemoldFig.II.2.Outlineofmetal-castingprocessesdescribedinpartII.金属铸造工艺铸造消耗性模沙壳体消耗性的图形高聚物陶瓷围模料永久性模凝壳压力锻压离心挤压半凝固单晶生长用于微电子的单晶单晶叶片定向凝固复合模具图II.2.在第二章中所描述的金属铸造工艺概要

4、10fundamentalsofmetal-casting:金属铸造基础Forthischapter,itwasdividedintotheseparts:1.Introduction:简介2.Solidificationofmetals:金属的凝固3.Fluidflow:流体流动4.Fluidityofmoltenmetal:熔融金属的流动性5.Heattransfer:热传递6.Defects:缺陷First,1.IntroductionThecastingprocessbasicallyinvolvesthreesteps:a.pouringmol

5、tenmetalintoamoldpatternedaftertheparttobemanufactured;(把熔融金属浇注到加工好的模具型腔)b.allowingittocoolandsolidify（冷却和凝固）c.removingthemetalfromthemold（从模具中取出金属）Asweknow,thecastingistheoldestprocesstomanufacturepartoftoolinthehumanbeing’shistory,becauseithasmanyadvantagescomparedwithothermanu

6、facturedprocessesasfollows:ücomplexshapes,suchasdifferentialhousing(差速机壳)usedintheautomobile,crankshaft（曲轴）andsoon;üVerylargepart,suchasenginehousingusedintheshipmaking.üUtilizetheworkpiecesthatothermanufacturedprocessescannotproduceofuneconomic,suchasturbineblade(涡轮机叶片).So,itise

7、ssentialforustounderstandthefundamentalsofmetalcastingbystudyingthisbookhard.Therearesomeimportantconsiderationsinthecastingoperationasfollows:²Theflowofthemoltenmetalintothemoldcavity:熔融金属流入模具型腔,Fluidity.²Thecoolingandsolidificationofmetalinthemold:金属在模具中的冷却和凝固:heattransfer:热传导.

8、²Theinfluenceofdifferenttypeofmoldmateri