资源描述：
《美国艺术电影history of american movies概要1》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、HistoryofAmericanFilmsSectionI.TheBeginningofAmericanFilmsPartI.ThomasEdison&AmericanFilmsVocabularyPhonograph留声机Cinematograph摄像机，留影机Cine-projector放映机Cinepanoramanic全景宽银幕电影Cinerama宽银幕立体电影Ciniphil电影迷I.Phonographs→cinematographi.ZoetropeItisthezoetrope(西洋镜),adevicedevelopedinthe183
2、0s,whichwasahollowdrumwithastripofpicturesarounditsinnersurface.Whenspun,itproducedthesameeffect.Startingwiththezoetrope,experimentscontinuedallthewaytothewidescreen.ii.ZoopraxiscopeThemostfamousexperimentoccurredinthe1870sinCalifornia,whererailroadtycoonLelandStanfordhiredBritis
3、hphotographerEadweardMuybridgetosettleabetonwhetheragallopinghorseeverhadallfourfeetofftheground.Muybridgesetup12camerasalongaracetrackandspreadthreadsacrossthetrackwithacontacttoeachcamera’sshutter.Movingalongthetrack,thehorsebrokethethreadsandcausedasequenceofphotographstobetak
4、en.Thephotosshowedthehorsewithallfourfeetofftheground,andMuybridgewentonalecturetourshowinghisphotographsonamoving-imagedevicehecalledthezoopraxiscope.StimulatedbyMuybridge’sendeavors,otherscientistsinventedchronophotographic(连续照相的)cameraandkinetoscope（活动电影放映机）,whichallowedanindi
5、vidualviewertowatchabrieffilmthroughasmallpeephole.Byitsnature,theexperienceofviewingamotionpicturethroughakinetoscopewasmoreprivate,and,insomeways,morevoyeuristic.iii.ThomasAlvaEdisonandWilliamK.L.DicksonLegendaryAmericaninventorThomasAlvaEdisoninventedphonographwithwhichpeople’
6、svoicecouldberecordedandkeptforalongtime.Edisonwas25ambitious.Hewasnotsatisfiedwithhismanyinventions.Inthelate1880sEdisondrewupontheworkofthepredecessors.InhislaboratoriesinWestOrange,NewJersey,EdisonassignedtoaBritishemployee,WilliamK.L.Dickson,thetaskofconstructingamachineforre
7、cordingactualmovementonfilmandanothermachineforviewingtheresultingimages.By1891Dicksonhadproducedamotion-picturecamera,calledtheKinetograph(活动电影摄影机),andaviewingmachine,dubbedtheKinetoscope（活动电影放映机）.OnMay9,1893,heheldthefirstpublicexhibitionoffilmsshotusingtheKinetographintheBlack
8、Maria.Butonlyonepersonatatimecouldusehis
