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TeachingVocabulary:TwoDozenTipsandTechniquesThisiscopyright.Permissionisgrantedtoindividualteacherstomakeacopyforpersonaluse.Ifyouwanttopublishanypartofitorpostitonawebsite,pleasecontactmefirst.JosephPettigrewCELOPBostonUniversity890CommonwealthAve.Boston,MA02215(617)353-7838fax:(617)353-6195jpettigr@budoteduhttp://people.bu.edu/jpettigrI.Oldiesbutgoodies1.Matchingsynonyms2.Matchingopposites3.FillintheblanksentencesII.Variationsontheabove1.ChooseallthepossibleanswersHeatelunchinthe_____.cafeteria/restaurant/snack/snackbar/saladbar/diner2.Wherewouldyoufind...?anMD_____aPh.D._____anMP_____in._____hp_____a)intheBritishorCanadianParliamentb)onarulerc)onaengined)inahospitale)inauniversity 3.Competethephrasestoachieve____toreveal____tograsp____a)asecretb)anideac)agoal4.CorrectthemistakesHefeltexhaustedafteralongnap.possiblecorrections:"refreshed"for"exhausted"or"runningtoschool"for"alongnap"5.Labelapicturemonitorkeyboardmousescreen6.Crossoutthewordthatdoesn'tbelongwiththeothersinthegroup.uncle/father/aunt/brotherEST/pm/PhD/BCmeadow/river/yard/field7.Categories:Yougivetheexample;studentsgivethecategory.Orviceversa.gun,knifeclub:weaponweapon:gun,knife,club8.Completethesentences.Iwasexhaustedafter_________________________ III.Distinguishingshadesofmeaning&nearsynonyms1.Analogies-goodevenatlowlevelseasy:hard::cold:__________(hot)skyscraper:city::tree:_____________(forest)warp:wood::__________:paint(peel)shatter:glass::____________stone(crumble)2.Choosethetwopossibleanswersthatcancompleteeachsentence.(Goodsourceforincorrectanswers:studenterrors)SemanticShelongedfor...(a)herfreedom.(b)herloverwhowasfaraway.(c)someketchupforherfrenchfries.[onlyasajoke]GrammaticalHepondered...(a)hisfuture(b)thathedidn'tknowwhattodo.[ungrammatical](c)themeaningoflife.4.Worddomains(?)e.g.,generalcategory:break,damage Hedentedthe...car'sbumper/treebranch/glassofwaterShesplinteredthe...can/board/mirrorHeshatteredthe...mirror/water/curtainsSheshreddedthe...can/treebranch/curtains5.Whichwordineachpairisstronger,moreforceful,ormoreintense?___tosurprise___toastound___toboil___tosimmer___totoss___tothrow___tohurl___tothrow6.Arrangethewordsonascalehot-warm-luke-warm-cool-colddespise-hate-dislikeScalesarenicetodowhenpossible,butthey'renotpossibleallthatoften.It'srarethatwordsareencounteredalltogetherlikethis.Morecommon-inpairs(knownword+newword)7.Whichwordineachpairisslang?___akid/___achild___disgusting/___gross___tofail/___toflunk8.Whichwordhasamorepositiveconnotation?orWhichwordwouldbemorepolitewhentalkingaboutaperson? ___thin/___skinny___fat/___overweight___frugal/___miserly9.Completethedefinitions.Howaretheseactionsperformed?thrust=topush_________________(forcefully,hard)shatter=tobreak_______________(intomanypieces)tap=tohit_____________________(lightly,softly)IV.Thingstodowiththevocabularyinareadingpassage1.GuessingwordmeaningfromcontextButmakesureitisreallypossibletoguessthemeaningfromcontext.Ifso,teachstudentstechniquesforguessing(seePartV).Ifnot,try#2.2.Givestudentsthedefinitions;letthemfindthewords.e.g.,findawordinparagraph5thatmeans"angry"Agoodwaytodealwithadifficultarticlewithoutsimplygivingstudentsthevocabulary.3.Teachstudentswhennottolookupaword.a)Canyougetageneralsenseoftheword?e.g.,aperson?somethinggood/bad?amovement?awayofspeaking?b)Takeamagicmarkerandblockoutallthewordsyoudon'tknow.Thenreadthepassageandanswerthecomprehensionquestions.follow-up/reinforcement4.PartsofspeechWithacorpusofwordsyou'vealreadystudied,givesentencesthatrequireadifferentpartofspeech.(Dictionaryuse) 5.Differentmeaningsoffamiliarvocabularye.g.toll(Drivingonahighway)There'satollbridgeahead.Doyouhaveanyquarters?Thehighwaydeathtollhasdeclinedsharplysincepolicebegantoenforcethedrunkdrivinglawsmoreaggressively.Thebellintheoldchurchtowertolledfouro'clock.V.TeachingstudentshowtoguesswordmeaningfromcontextTypesofcontextclues:1.Cause&effect:labelthesentenceC&E,thenmakeaguess.Becausewelingeredtoolongattherestaurant,wemissedthebeginningofthemovie.Thedoorwasajar,sothedoggotoutofthehouse.2.Opposite/contrast:underlinethetwowordsorphrasesincontrasttooneanother,thenmakeaguess.EventhoughIstudiedforhours,Iflunkedthetest.Mylastapartmentwasreallysmall,butmynewoneisquitespacious.3.Generalsense:focusonS,V,O,actor&recipientofaction.Whattypeofwordisit?Ifitisanoun:aperson,place,thing,abstractideaIfitisaverb:anaction(e.g.,movement?),orfeeling/emotion,etc.Ifitisanadjective:whatisitdescribing?goodorbad?size?color?shape?emotion? Examples:EachsummerthousandsoftouristsflocktothebeachesofCapeCod.Thefathertossedtheballtohislittleboy.4.Synonymsorparaphrases(foundelsewhereinthesentenceorparagraph)Samuelwasdeaf,buthedidn'tlethishandicapgetinthewayofhissuccess.Sally'sflowergardenincludeddozensofmarigolds,whichshetendedwithgreatcare.5.ExamplesinthetextThebaboon,likeotherapes,isaverysocialanimal.6.Recognizingdefinitions:commonincollegetextbooks,newspaper&magazinearticlesManychildrenofnormalintelligencehavegreatdifficultylearninghowtoread,write,orworkwithnumbers.Oftenthoughtofas"underachievers,"suchchildrenaresaidtohavealearningdisability,adisorderthatinterferesinsomewaywithschoolachievement.(fromReader'sChoiceBaudoin,etal.,1977,1988UniversityofMichigan)VII.Miscellaneous1.WordsheetsAsimplebuteffectivewaytoreviewvocabularyfromagivenunitistopostasheetofpaperwiththewordsunderstudyandtalkaboutthem.Youcanpracticepronunciation,conductoralmini-quizzes,answerstudents'questions,etc.Forexample:Whichwordshavepositive/negativeconnotations?Whichwordsrefertopeople?Whichwordsareverbs?What'stheoppositeofX?I'llgiveyouaword;tellmewhattheoppositeisinthelist.What'samorepolitewayofsayingX? 2.Lookforwordsthatmean...Whenusingamagazineornewspaperintheclass,youcanhavestudentslookforwordsinacertaincategorywhilethey'redoingotherreadingandscanningactivities.OneissueofTimeyieldedthefollowing:wordsforgoup:soar,rise,raise,increase,pushupwordsforgodown:fall,plummet,sink,decreaseOthercategoriesofwordsthatmightwork:wordsthatdescribemovement,travel;wordsrelatedtocrime;namesofgovernmentpositions(president,mayor,etc.)Inaworkoffiction(oraprofileofafamousperson):adjectivesthatdescribethemaincharacter,bothphysically&emotionallyVI.Fun&games1.Actout/pantomimeGivestudentscardswithinstructionsliketheonesbelow.Havethemperformtheactionswithoutspeaking.Theotherstudentstrytoguessthewordorexpressionthestudentispantomiming.Openthedoorfearfully.Walkacrosstheroomcautiously.2.CrosswordPuzzlesSeveralsoftwareprogramsareavailablewhichallowyoutomakeyourownpuzzles.Cluescanbesynonyms,opposites,fill-in-the-blanksentences,etc.3.TheCategoryGame($25,000Pyramid)Dividetheclassintoteams.Onepersonfromateamsitsinfrontoftheclass.Therestoftheteammembersaregivenacardwithacategory,forexample:Thingsthatarered.Theteammemberstaketurnsgivingexamplesofthecategoryuntilthepersoninthe"hotseat"guessesoralltheteammembershavegivenaclue.Ifthepersoninfrontcannotguess,theotherteamcan conferandtrytoguess.NOTE:Thecluesmustbeexamples,notdefinitions.Intheaboveexample,ketchup,blood,andastopsignareallacceptableclues.Colorisnot.e.g.,thingsthatareyellow/expensive/fragile/madeofglass/foundonafarmAmericanauthors/statecapitals/thingsinawoman'spurse/warmclothing4.PasswordDividetheclassintotwoteams.Onepersonfromeachteamsitsinachairinfrontoftheclass.Thosetwopeoplereceiveacardwithavocabularyword.Thefirstpersongivesaone-wordcluetohis/herteam.Ifnoonefromtheteamcanguess,thesecondpersongivesacluetohis/herteam.Thisalternatesbackandforthuntilsomeonefromoneoftheteamsguessestheword,oruntilaspecifiednumberofclueshasbeengiven.5.DrawingpicturesThisworkswellifyouhaveanemptyclassroomnearby.Dividetheclassintotwogroups.Giveeachonealistofvocabularywords(idiomaticexpressionsalsoworkwellforthis).Thestudentsdrawpictures-butnowords-ontheboardsothatthestudentsintheothergroupcanguessthewordsorexpressionsthey'retryingtorepresent.Thisisafunwaytoreviewsomevocabularyandbreakuptheclassroutine.AnoteonkeepingscoreYoucankeepscoreinmostofthesegames,butI'vefoundthingsactuallygomoresmoothlywhenyoudon't.Noonedisputespoints,andstudentsdon'tseemtomindthatthere'snoclear"winner"or"loser."Occasionally,astudentwillaskwhyI'mnotkeepingtrackofwhowonandlost.Iusuallytellhim(it'snevera'her')thatwe'rejustlearninghowthegameisplayednow,soI'mnotgoingtobotherthistime.Ineverbotherkeepingscoreanysubsequenttimes,either,butI'veneverbeenaskedaboutitasecondtime.VIII.Miscellaneousexamples1.Afollow-uptoaradiointerviewofapsychologistwhodiscussedmoneyandpeople'sattitudestowardsit. MoneyTalksBelowaresomewordsusedtodescribepeopleandtheirattitudestowardsmoney.Workingwithanotherstudent,putthemintothepropercategory.amiser/an/overspender/generous/cheap/acheapskate/giving/tight/atightwad/thrifty/frugal/aspendthrift/stingy savesmoneyspendsmoneypositiveconnotation negativeconnotation 2.Afollow-uptoanarticleonhealth.Matchthesemedicaltermswiththepartsofthebodytheyinvolve._____1)toclot_____2)asthma_____3)astroke_____4)hemorrhaging_____5)amigraine_____6)leukemia_____7)respiration a)brainb)lungsc)blood
