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1、IntroductiontotheRevisedEditionThisbookisnottheoretical.Itisacollectionofpracticalideasandtechniqueswhichyoucanuseimmediatelytomakeyourownteachingmoreeffective,andmoreenjoyableforyourselfandyourstudents.Thebookisnotbasedonamethodoranapproach.Wedonotbelieve
2、thatthereisonewayofteachingwell.Allthesuggestionsarebasedonourexperienceofteachersteaching.Ideasareincludedbecausewehaveseenthattheyworkforawiderangeofteachersinmanydifferentsituations.Teachingsituationsaredifferent.Youmay,forexample,havetopreparestudentsf
3、oraparticularexaminationsothatsometimemustbespentonexaminationtechniques.Allteacherscomplainthattheydonothaveenoughtimetodoallthethingstheywouldliketodo.Somecompromisesbetweenwhatyouwouldliketodo,whatyourstudentsneed,andtherequirementsofthesituation,areine
4、vitable.Inthesecircumstancestherearetwoguidingprincipleswhichshouldinfluenceyourdecisions:thatlanguageteachingisonlyanaidtolanguagelearning,andthatitisthosethingswhichhelpthestudentstoimprovewhichareofparticularimportance;andsecondlythatlanguageisfirstandf
5、oremostcommunication.Thoseactivitieswhichmeanstudentscanusethelanguage,andcommunicatebetter,aretobeencouragedattheexpenseofactivitieswhichwillonlymeanthatstudents“know”thelanguage.Thefirsttwochaptersofthebookdoprovideamoregeneralframeworkforthespecifictips
6、whichfollow.Eventhesegeneralprinciples,however,arepracticalratherthantheoretical.Youareencouragednotonlytoreadthetips,buttotrytheideastheysuggest.Wehopemostwillworkforyou,butsomemaynot,andsomewillneedtobemodifiedforyouandyoursituation.Thebookisessentiallyo
7、neoftechniques,applicabletodifferentsituationsandalsotodifferentmaterial.Anyselectionoftextbookmaterialswecouldmakewouldbeindangerofbeingsituation-specific,orbasedonassumptionsabouttext-bookswhicharewidelyavailableatthemomentofwriting.Webelieveinitialteach
8、ertrainingcoursesshouldincludeanelementwhichshowsstudentshowtodeveloplessonplansroundpublishedmaterials,butinourexperiencecoursetutorsalmostalwaysprefertousecontemporaryorlocalmaterialsindevelopingtheselesson
