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1、SOCIALANDEMOTIONALDEVELOPMENTININFANCYKeyNotesattachmentAnattachmentisanemotionaltiethatbindsonepersontoanothe匚Itsmainbasisininfancyseemstobetheprovisionofemotionalcomfort・Lackofstrongattachmentininfancy('maternaldeprivation*)mayleadtofailuretothrive,emotionaldisturbance,andre
2、strictedintellectualdevelopment.Theseeffectsmaybepartlyreversediftheinfantismovedbeforearound2yearstoacaringenvironment.typesofattachmentAttachmenthasbeeninvestigatedusingthe'strangesituation*.Theinfantsresponsetoseparationfromthemotherindicatessecure,anxious/avoidant,oranxiou
3、s/ambivalentattachment.Securelyattachedinfantsbecomemorepopularandoutgoingpreschoolers・Itisunclearwhetherdifferentattachmentpatternsresultfrommaternalbehaviororinnatetemperamentdifferences・othercaregiversAttachmentcanbeformedtoanycaregiver,andtomorethanoneperson.Therearediffer
4、encesinaninfantsattachmenttomotherandfather.Childrenaremorelikelytoturntotheirmotherforcomfort,andtheirfathersforplay.Infant-motherattachmentmaybeaffectedbydaycare,dependingonthequalityofcareprovided,andhowmuchtimetheinfantisawayfromthemother.Highqualitydaycarecanhavebeneficia
5、leffects.genderroleBothbiologicalandenvironmentalfactorscontributetothedevelopmentofgenderroles.Maleandfemaleinfantsaretreateddifferentlyfromearliestinfancy.Byabout18monthsinfantsstarttobehaveingender-typedways,andthesebehaviorsareoftendifferentiallyreinforcedbyadults.Anattach
6、mentisanemotionaltiethatbindsonepersontoanother.AccordingtoSigmundFreud,thebasisofattachmentisthatitbindstheinfanttothepersonwhoprovidesforthebasicneeds,theprimarycaregive匚Thishasbeeninterpretedasmeaning,primarily,nourishment,andimpliesthattheobjectofattachmentwillbethemother.
7、HarryHarlowinthe1950sseparatedbabyrhesusmonkeysfromtheirmothers,andraisedtheminisolationincagescontainingtwocrudedummymonkeys,ahard,wireoneandasoft,cloth-coveredone.Ifaninfantmonkeywasfrightened,itrantothesoftdummyandclungtoit,eveniftheotherdummywasfittedwithabottleandnipplean
8、dprovidedtheinfantsnourishment.Thissuggeststhatthebasisofatta
