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1、定语从句小结及练习一.定语是限定修饰名词或代词的。二.可以作定语的除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、冠词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。(1)awhitewall(冠词、形容词)(2)ourclassroom(代词)(3)fiveboys(数词)(4)aboyschool(名词)注意:特殊man,woman这两个名词作定语时,单复数要随后面的名词而定。amandoctortwomendoctorsawomanscientistthreewomenscientistsTherearewomenpoliceo
2、fficers,womendoctors,teachers,engineers,farmersandsoon.(5)Themaninthetreecamedown.(介词短语)(6)Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式)(7)arunningmachine(现在分词)(8)apollutedriver(过去分词)(9)areadingroom(动名词)(10)定语从句在复合句中,限定修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。Aplaneisamachine/thatcanfly.//which先
3、行词关系代词(作主语,不能省)①定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词。②引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词when,where,why。③关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。区别:Thefact/thathehadnotsaidanything/surprisedeverybody.Thefact/(that)wetalkedabout/isveryimportant.介词(一)关系代词的用法1.that主要
4、指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不能省,作宾语可以省。(1)Thenoodles/that(或which)wereonthetable/weredelicious.先行词(物)关系代词(主语,指物,不能省)(2)Whoistheman/thatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?/(主语,指人,不能省)注意:在who引导的疑问句中为了音调和谐和避免重复,后用that。(3)Thatisthebesthotel/(that)Iknow/.(宾语,指物,只能用that,见
5、P5)2.which只能指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不能省,作宾语可以省。(1)Achemist’sshopisashop/which(或that)sellsmedicine./(主语)13(2)Thefilm/(which或that)wesawlastnight/iswonderful.(宾语)3.who,whom,whose指人,在从句中分别作主语,宾语或定语。whom作宾语可以省。(1)Theboy/whobrokethewindow/iscalledTom.(主语)(2)Thegirl/(wh
6、om)wesawyesterday/isJim’ssister.(宾语)(3)WeiFangisthestudent/whosehousecaughtfirelastweek./(定语)(4)Iliveinaroom/whose(指物,特殊)windowopenstothesouth./(定语)(二)介词+关系代词物which介词+关系代词介词的选择要根据定语从句中有关动词的固定搭配。人whom先行词(1)Thepencil/withwhichhewaswriting/broke.先行词(物)介词+关系代词(2
7、)Theperson/towhomIspokejustnow/isthemanager/(whom)Itold先行词(人)介词+关系代词先行词(人)关代(宾,省)youabout./(3)WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.(4)TheoldOlympicGames/fromwhichthemoderngamescame/beganaroundtheyear776BCinGreece.练习:(1)LastspringwevisitedtheWes
8、tLake,________Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.(2)Whereistheshirt_____youpaid20US$?(3)Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargest________isTaiwan.(如果将“,”改为“.”则填_____)(4)Shehadasonandtwodaughters,all________s