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1、原文：Employability:ChallengesforEducationandTrainingSystemsElenaArjonaPerez,ChristelleGarrouste,andKorneliaKozovskaAbstract.Therecentcrisishastakenitstollintermsofunemployment,especiallyamongyoungpeople.ThishasrevivedthedebateonthecontributionofEducationandTraini
2、ng(E&T)systemstotheemployabilityofyounggraduates.AtEuropeanpolicylevel,thereisagrowinginterestincreatingincentivesforreformingE&Tsystemssoastomakethemmoreresponsivetofuturelabourmarketneedsandshorttermadverselabourmarketconditions.Oneofthemainchallengesisfindin
3、gvalidmeasuresforevaluatingthecontributionofE&Tsystemstoemployability,takingintoaccounttheirdiversitywithintheEuropeanUnion.Thispaperpresentsanoperationalframeworkofanalysisforemployabilityanddiscussessomeofthemostimportantchallengesrelatedtothemultidimensional
4、natureoftheemployabilityconcept,thelackofdataforcross-countrycomparisonandthedifficultyofdisentanglingtheroleofeducationandtrainingsystemsfromotherfactorsinevaluatinglabourmarketoutcomes.Keywords:Employability,EuropeanEducationandTrainingSystems,younggraduates,
5、school-to-worktransition.1IntroductionEmployabilityisthetargetofseveralEuropeanpoliciese.g.,theMobilityandLifelongLearninginitiatives1aswellastheCopenhagenProcess(onVocationalEducationandTraining,VET).Theyincludeforinstanceinitiativesformutualrecognitionofquali
6、fications,diplomasandstudyabroadperiods.WithintheBolognaProcess,enhancingemployabilityhasbeenoneofthemaingoalstobeachievedwiththecreationoftheEuropeanHigherEducationAreaasstatedintheBolognaProcess2007LondonCommuniqué.AspecialBolognaFollow-upWorkingGrouponEmploy
7、abilitywassetupin2007.Theimportanceofemploymentwasstrengthenedinthere-launchoftheLisbonagenda,highlightingthecontributionofeducation.PoliciesrelatedtoFlexicurity(EuropeanCommission,2007)andtheSocialinclusionprocess,havealsopaidspecialattentiontoemployability.Wi
8、thintheframeworkofthe2008NewSkillsforNewJobsstrategy,theCouncilConclusionsemphasizetheroleofeducationandtrainingforpromotingemployabilityandunderlinetheimportanceofmatchingi
