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1、ThispageintentionallyleftblankQUANTUMTHEORYOFTHEELECTRONLIQUIDModernelectronicdevicesandnovelmaterialsoftenderivetheirextraordinarypropertiesfromtheintriguing,complexbehavioroflargenumbersofelectronsformingwhatisknownasanelectronliquid.Thisbookprovidesanin-depthintroductiontothephysics
2、oftheinteractingelectronliquidinabroadvarietyofsystems,includingmetals,semiconductors,artificialnano-structures,atoms,andmolecules.One-,two-andthree-dimensionalsystemsaretreatedseparatelyandinparallel.Differentphasesoftheelectronliquid,fromtheLandauFermiliquidtotheWignercrystal,fromtheL
3、uttingerliquidtothequantumHallliquid,areextensivelydiscussed.Bothstaticandtime-dependentdensityfunctionaltheoryarepresentedindetail.Althoughtheemphasisisonthedevelopmentofthebasicphysicalideasandonacriticaldiscussionofthemostusefulapproximations,theformalderivationoftheresultsishighlyd
4、etailedandbasedonthesimplest,mostdirectmethods.Aself-contained,comprehensivepresentationofthenecessarytechniques,fromsecondquantizationtocanonicaltransformationstobothzeroandfinitetemperatureGreen’sfunctionsisprovided.Thiscomprehensivetextwillbeofvaluetograduatestudentsinphysics,electri
5、calengi-neeringandquantumchemistry,aswellaspracticingresearchersinthoseareas.GABRIELEF.GIULIANIisaProfessorofPhysicsatPurdueUniversity,Indiana,USA.SincegaininghisPhDattheScuolaNormaleSuperiore,Pisa,Italyin1983,hehasheldpostdoc-toralpositionsatPurdueUniversityandBrownUniversity.Hehasals
6、oconductedresearchattheUniversityofPisa,theUniversityofRome,andtheInternationalCentreforTheoreticalPhysics,Trieste,Italy.HejoinedthefacultyofPurdueUniversityin1984andhasbeenaProfessorofPhysicssince1995.ProfessorGiuliani’smainareasofresearcharemany-bodytheory,transportinlow-dimensionale
7、lectronicsystems,andsuperconductivity.Hehaspublishedmorethan60papers.GIOVANNIVIGNALEistheMillsapProfessorofPhysicsattheUniversityofMissouri-Columbia.AftergraduatingfromtheScuolaNormaleSuperioreinPisain1979andgaininghisPhDatNorthwesternUniversityin1984,hehascarriedoutresearchattheMax-
