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1、WalrasianEconomicsinRetrospectAuthor(s):SamuelBowlesandHerbertGintisReviewedwork(s):Source:TheQuarterlyJournalofEconomics,Vol.115,No.4(Nov.,2000),pp.1411-1439Publishedby:OxfordUniversityPressStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2586929.Accessed:08/01/201202:02YouruseoftheJSTORarch
2、iveindicatesyouracceptanceoftheTerms&ConditionsofUse,availableat.http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jspJSTORisanot-for-profitservicethathelpsscholars,researchers,andstudentsdiscover,use,andbuilduponawiderangeofcontentinatrusteddigitalarchive.Weuseinformationtechnol
3、ogyandtoolstoincreaseproductivityandfacilitatenewformsofscholarship.FormoreinformationaboutJSTOR,pleasecontactsupport@jstor.org.OxfordUniversityPressiscollaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserveandextendaccesstoTheQuarterlyJournalofEconomics.http://www.jstor.orgWALRASIANECONOMICSINRE
4、TROSPECT*SAMUELBOWLESANDHERBERTGINTISTwobasictenetsoftheWalrasianmodel,behaviorbasedonself-interestedexogenouspreferencesandcompleteandcostlesscontractinghaverecentlycomeundercriticalscrutiny.First,socialnormsandpsychologicaldispositionsextend-ingbeyondtheselfishmotivesofHomoeconom
5、icusmayhaveanimportantbearingonoutcomes,evenincompetitivemarkets.Second,marketoutcomesdependonstrategicinteractionsinwhichpowerinthepoliticalsenseisexercised.Itfollowsthateconomicsmustbecomemorebehavioralandmoreinstitutional.Wecanreturntothesethemesoftheclassicaltradition,nowequipp
6、edwiththemorepowerfulmathematicaltoolsdevelopedoverthepastcentury.I.INTRODUCTIONWhatdoweknowthatacenturyagoAlfredMarshalldidnot?Marshall'sPrinciples,firstpublishedin1890,becamethe"Samuelson"ofanentiregenerationofEnglish-speakingecono-mists,andbristleswithideasanticipatinglatetwenti
7、ethcenturyeconomics.Marshall'stexttouchesonincreasingreturns,nowcentraltoendogenousgrowththeory,theimportanceofnonselfishmotivesandotherpreferencesthatareunknowntoHomoeconomi-cus,nowstaplesofbehavioralandexperimentaleconomics,andtherelevanceofthebiological(ratherthan"mechanical")an
8、alo-gies,nowkeyelementsint
