Neuron-2010-Review-Social behavior in simple model organism.pdf

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1、NeuronReviewSocialInteractionsin‘‘Simple’’ModelSystemsMarlaB.Sokolowski1,*1DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofTorontoatMississauga,Mississauga,OntarioL5L1C6,Canada*Correspondence:marla.sokolowski@utoronto.caDOI10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.007Decipheringthegeneticandneuro

2、biologicalunderpinningsofsocialbehaviorisadifficulttask.SimplemodelorganismssuchasC.elegans,Drosophila,andsocialinsectsdisplayawealthofsocialbehaviorssimilartothoseinmorecomplexanimals,includingsocialdominance,groupdecisionmaking,learningfromexpe-riencedindividuals

3、,andforagingingroups.Althoughthestudyofsocialinteractionsisstillinitsinfancy,theabilitytoassessthecontributionsofgeneexpression,neuralcircuitry,andtheenvironmentinresponsetosocialcontextinthesesimplemodelorganismsisunsurpassed.Here,Itakeacomparativeapproach,discus

4、-singselectedexamplesofsocialbehavioracrossspeciesandhighlightingthecommonthemesthatemerge.SocialBehaviorporalexpressionpatternofmoleculesthatinfluencebehaviorThesocialenvironmentaffectsbehavioracrossspecies,from(Robinsonetal.,2008).Thus,variationinsocialbehaviorwi

5、thinmicrobestohumans(Benabentosetal.,2009).Socialbehaviorandbetweenindividualsarisesfrominterdependenciesbetweenisbroadlydefinedhereasaninteractionbetweenmembersofgenesandtheenvironment.Additionally,epigeneticsmaybethesamespeciesthatchangestheirsubsequentbehavior.p

6、articularlyrelevantforsocialbehavior,asitprovidesamecha-Investigatingthemechanismsunderlyingsocialbehaviornismthroughwhichtheconsequencesofexperiencearepassedbecomesincreasinglymorechallengingasyoumoveupthealongtoshapepatternsofgenetranscriptionwithoutaffectingphy

7、logenetictree.Simpleanimalssuchasnematodes,flies,genotype(reviewedinBird,2007).Therecentdiscoveryofandbeeshavesimplerbehaviors,smallergenomes,andsimplerepigeneticprocessesinsimpleanimalsmakesitpossibletonervoussystemsthanmorecomplexanimalssuchasmammals.studytheexte

8、ntofepigeneticpatterningandits‘‘inheritance’’Andyet,simpleanimalmodelshavemuchtotellusaboutsocialinorganismswherethegenomeandepigenomecanbeeasilybehavio