UrWeb- A Simple Model for Programming the Web.pdf

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1、Ur/Web:ASimpleModelforProgrammingtheWebAdamChlipalartifoamctA*Cplet*ntee*AtsWi*seEMITCSAILonlCLCDP*co*euOsmueEadamc@csail.mit.eduPeRnot*detv*ysaEadetaulAbstractfornetworkcommunication,andonalanguageorAPIlikeSQLforstoringpersistent,structureddataonservers.CodefragmentsTheWorldWideWeb

2、hasevolvedgraduallyfromadocumentde-inthesedifferentlanguagesareoftenembeddedwithineachotherliveryplatformtoanarchitecturefordistributedprogramming.Thisincomplexways,andthepopularWebdevelopmenttoolsprovidelargelyunplannedevolutionisapparentinthesetofinterconnectedlittlehelpincatching

3、inconsistencies.languagesandprotocolsthatanyWebapplicationmustmanage.Thesecomplaintsarenotnew,norarelanguage-basedsolutions.ThispaperpresentsUr/Web,adomain-specific,staticallytypedTheLinksproject[7,11]pioneeredthe“tierlessprogramming”functionalprogramminglanguagewithamuchsimplermodel

4、forapproach,combiningallthepiecesofdynamicWebapplicationsprogrammingmodernWebapplications.Ur/Web’smodelisuni-withinonestaticallytypedfunctionallanguage.Morerecentde-fied,whereprogramsinasingleprogramminglanguagearecom-signsinthemainstreamreapsomesimilarbenefits,asinGoogle’spiledtoothe

5、r“Webstandards”languagesasneeded;supportsnovel12WebToolkitandClosuresystems,foraddingcompilationontopkindsofencapsulationofWeb-specificstate;andexposessimpleofWeb-standardlanguages;andMicrosoft’sLINQ[27],fortype-concurrency,whereprogrammerscanreasonaboutdistributed,safequerying(toSQL

6、databasesandmore)withingeneral-purposemultithreadedapplicationsviaamixoftransactionsandcooper-languages.ativepreemption.Wegiveatutorialintroductiontothemainfea-SuchestablishedsystemsprovidesubstantialbenefitstoWebturesofUr/Webanddiscussthelanguageimplementationandtheprogrammers,butth

7、ereismorewecouldaskfor.Thispaperfo-productionWebapplicationsthatuseit.cusesonalanguagedesignthatadvancesthestateoftheartbyad-CategoriesandSubjectDescriptorsD.2.2[SoftwareEngineer-dressingtwokeydesiderata.First,webringencapsulationtoriching]:DesignToolsandTechniques-Modulesandinterfa

8、ces;Webapplications