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1、CulturesandOrganizationsSOFTWAREOFTHEMINDInterculturalCooperationandItsImportanceforSurvivalGeertHofstedeGertJanHofstedeMichaelMinkovMcGra•1*11NewYorkChicagoSanFranciscoLisbonLondonMadridMexicoCityMilanNewDelhiSanJuanSeoulSingaporeSydneyTorontoTheRulesoftheSocialGamellth
2、juror:(rising)"Ibegpardon,indiscussing..."10thjuror:(interruptingandmimicking)"Ibegpardon.Whatareyousogoddampoliteabout?"llthjuror:(lookingstraightatthe10thjuror)"Forthesamereasonyou'renot.It'sthewayIwasbroughtup."—ReginaldRose,7Vve/veAngryMenwelveAngryMenisanAmericanthe
3、aterpiecethatbecameafamousmotionpicture,starringHenryFonda.Theplaywaspublishedin1955.ThesceneconsistsofthejuryroomofaNewYorkcourtoflaw.Twelvejurymemberswhonevermetbeforehavetodecideunani•mouslyontheguiltorinnocenceofaboyfromaslumarea,accusedofmurder.Thequotecitedisfromth
4、esecondandfinalactwhenemotionshavereachedtheboilingpoint.Itisaconfrontationbetweenthetenthjuror,agarageowner,andtheeleventhjuror,aEuropean-born,4THELUNLtflUfIUL1UtttprobablyAustrian,watchmaker.Thetenthjurorisirritatedbywhatheseesastheexcessivelypolitemannersoftheotherman
5、.Butthewatchmakercannotbehaveotherwise.Evenaftermanyyearsinhisnewhomecountry,hestillbehavesthewayhewasraised.Hecarrieswithinhimselfanindel•iblepatternofbehavior.DifferentMindsbutCommonProblemsTheworldisfullofconfrontationsbetweenpeople,groups,andnationswhothink,feel,anda
6、ctdifferently.Atthesametimethesepeople,groups,andnations,justaswithourtwelveangrymen,areexposedtocommonprob•lemsthatdemandcooperationfortheirsolution.Ecological,economical,political,military,hygienic,andmeteorologicaldevelopmentsdonotstopatnationalorregionalborders.Copin
7、gwiththethreatsofnuclearwar•fare,globalwarming,organizedcrime,poverty,terrorism,oceanpollution,extinctionofanimals,AIDS,oraworldwiderecessiondemandscooperationofopinionleadersfrommanycountries.Theyintheirturnneedthesupportofbroadgroupsoffollowersinordertoimplementthedeci
8、sionstaken.Understandingthedifferencesinthewaystheseleadersandtheirfol•lowersthink,feel,andactisacondit
