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1、nauseajean-paulsartre“NAUSEA”Jean-PaulSartre“LaNausée”Jean-PaulSartreINTRODUCTIONHaydenCarruthExistentialismenteredtheAmericanconsciousnesslikeanelephantenteringadarkroom:therewasagooddealofbreakageandthepeopleinsidenaturallymistookthenatureoftheintrusion.Whatwoulditbe?Anengineofdest
2、ructionperhaps,atankleftoverfromthewar?Afterawhilethelightswereturnedonanditwasseentobe“only”anelephant;everyonelaughedandsaidthatacircusmustbepassingthroughtown.Butno,soontheyfoundtheelephantwasheretostay;andthen,lookingcloser,theysawthatalthoughhewasindeedanewcomer,anodd-lookingone
3、atthat,hewasnotastranger:theyhadknownhimallalong.Thiswasin1946and1947.AndinnotimeatallExistentialismbecameacommonterm.Noquestionofwhatitmeant;itmeantthelifere-emergingafterthewarinthecafésoftheLeftBank:disreputableyoungmeninpaint-smearedjeans,andtheircompanions,thoseblack-stockinged,
4、make-up-lessgirlswhosmokedtoomanycigarettesandengagedinwhoknowswhatfolliesbesides.Andtheirleader,apparently,wasthisfellowSartre,whowrotebookswithloathsometitleslikeNauseaandTheFlies.Whatnonsense,thewiseheadsconcluded.Perfectlysafétodismissitasafad,verylikelyahoax.Meanwhileatcentersof
5、seriousthoughtthetextsofExistentialism,especiallySartre’s,werebeingtranslatedandstudied,witharesultingprofoundshocktotheAmericanintellectualestablishment.OnonehandtheNeo-ThomistsandothermoralphilosopherswerealarmedbyExistentialism’sdisregardfortraditionalschemesofvalue;ontheothertheP
6、ositivistsandanalyticalphilosopherswereoutragedbyExistentialism’swillingnesstoabandonrationalcategoriesandrelyonnon-mentalprocessesofconsciousness.Remarkablyviolentattacksissuedfromboththesecamps,setoffallthemoresharplybytheenthusiasm,hereandthere,ofsmallwelcomingbandsoftheavant-gard
7、e.Thatthewelcomerswerenolessill-informedaboutExistentialismthantheattackers,didn’thelpmatters.NeverthelessExistentialism,graduallyandthenmorerapidly,wonadherents,peoplewhotookitseriously.SomeonehassaidthatExistentialismisaphilosophy-ifaphilosophyatall-thathasbeenindependentlyinvented
8、bymillionsof
