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1、nauseajean-paulsartre“NAUSEA”Jean-PaulSartre“LaNausée”Jean-PaulSartreINTRODUCTIONHaydenCarruthExistentialismenteredtheAmericanconsciousnesslikeanelephantenteringadarkroom:therewasagooddealofbreakageandthepeopleinsidenaturallymistookthenatureoftheintrusion.W
2、hatwoulditbe?Anengineofdestructionperhaps,atankleftoverfromthewar?Afterawhilethelightswereturnedonanditwasseentobe“only”anelephant;everyonelaughedandsaidthatacircusmustbepassingthroughtown.Butno,soontheyfoundtheelephantwasheretostay;andthen,lookingcloser,th
3、eysawthatalthoughhewasindeedanewcomer,anodd-lookingoneatthat,hewasnotastranger:theyhadknownhimallalong.Thiswasin1946and1947.AndinnotimeatallExistentialismbecameacommonterm.Noquestionofwhatitmeant;itmeantthelifere-emergingafterthewarinthecafésoftheLeftBank:d
4、isreputableyoungmeninpaint-smearedjeans,andtheircompanions,thoseblack-stockinged,make-up-lessgirlswhosmokedtoomanycigarettesandengagedinwhoknowswhatfolliesbesides.Andtheirleader,apparently,wasthisfellowSartre,whowrotebookswithloathsometitleslikeNauseaandThe
5、Flies.Whatnonsense,thewiseheadsconcluded.Perfectlysafétodismissitasafad,verylikelyahoax.MeanwhileatcentersofseriousthoughtthetextsofExistentialism,especiallySartre’s,werebeingtranslatedandstudied,witharesultingprofoundshocktotheAmericanintellectualestablish
6、ment.OnonehandtheNeo-ThomistsandothermoralphilosopherswerealarmedbyExistentialism’sdisregardfortraditionalschemesofvalue;ontheotherthePositivistsandanalyticalphilosopherswereoutragedbyExistentialism’swillingnesstoabandonrationalcategoriesandrelyonnon-mental
7、processesofconsciousness.Remarkablyviolentattacksissuedfromboththesecamps,setoffallthemoresharplybytheenthusiasm,hereandthere,ofsmallwelcomingbandsoftheavant-garde.Thatthewelcomerswerenolessill-informedaboutExistentialismthantheattackers,didn’thelpmatters.N
8、everthelessExistentialism,graduallyandthenmorerapidly,wonadherents,peoplewhotookitseriously.SomeonehassaidthatExistentialismisaphilosophy-ifaphilosophyatall-thathasbeenindependentlyinventedbymillionsof
