Ionic liquids-new_ solutions_ for transition metal catalysis.pdf

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1、REVIEWSIonicLiquidsÐNewªSolutionsºforTransitionMetalCatalysisPeterWasserscheid*andWilhelmKeimIonicliquidsaresaltsthatareliquidatimprovementsinwell-knownprocess-malorganicsolventtoanionicliquidlowtemperature<1008C)whichrep-es.Ionicliquidsformbiphasicsystemscanlea

2、dtonovelandunusualchemicalresentanewclassofsolventswithwithmanyorganicproductmixtures.reactivity.Thisopensupawidefieldnonmolecular,ioniccharacter.EvenThisgivesrisetothepossibilityofaforfutureinvestigationsintothisnewthoughthefirstrepresentativehasmultiphasereacti

3、onprocedurewithclassofsolventsincatalyticapplica-beenknownsince1914,ionicliquidseasyisolationandrecoveryofhomo-tions.haveonlybeeninvestigatedassolventsgeneouscatalysts.Inaddition,ionicfortransitionmetalcatalysisinthepastliquidshavepracticallynovaporpres-Keywords:

4、biphasiccatalysis´homo-tenyears.Publicationstodateshowsurewhichfacilitatesproductsepara-geneouscatalysis´ionicliquids´thatreplacinganorganicsolventbyantionbydistillation.Therearealsosolventeffectsionicliquidcanleadtoremarkableindicationsthatswitchingfromanor-1.In

5、troductionTexasasbathsolutionsforelectroplatingaluminum.[5]How-ever,thesesystemswerenotstudiedfurtheruntilthelateIngeneral,anionicliquidisaliquidthatconsistsonlyof1970swhenthegroupsofOsteryoungandWilkesrediscov-ions.However,thistermincludesanadditionalspecialered

6、them.Forthefirsttime,theysucceededinpreparingroom±temperatureliquidchloroaluminatemelts.[6]Researchdefinitiontodistinguishitfromtheclassicaldefinitionofamoltensalt.[1]Whileamoltensaltisgenerallythoughttoreferanddevelopmentconcentratedmainlyonelectrochemicaltoahig

7、h-melting,highlyviscousandverycorrosivemedium,applicationsatthistime.ionicliquidsarealreadyliquidatlowtemperatures<1008C)Asearlyas1967,apublicationbySwainetaldescribedtheandhaverelativelylowviscosity.Theapparentlysomewhatuseoftetra-n-hexylammoniumbenzoateasasolv

8、entforkineticandelectrochemicalinvestigations.[7]Eventhoughthearbitrarylinedrawnbetweenmoltensaltsandionicliquidsatamelttemperatureof1008Ccanbejustifiedbytheab