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1、Chem.Rev.2000,100,717-774717TheNatureoftheBondinginTransition-MetalCompoundsGernotFrenking*andNikolausFro¨hlichFachbereichChemie,Philipps-Universita¨tMarburg,Hans-Meerwein-Strasse,D-35037Marburg,GermanyReceivedAugust26,1999Contentspounds.Thebondingmodelswereremarkablysuc-cessful
2、inthesynthesisofincreasinglymorecomplexI.Introduction717compoundsandsubstances,whichalsobecametheII.PresentBondingModelsforTransition-Metal719basisforaflorishingindustrythatprovidedtheCompoundsincomeandwealthofmanypeople.PrideintheIII.ValenceOrbitalsofTransitionMetalsandspd720ex
3、perimentalabilitiesandthedirectimpactonandHybridizationinteractionwithchemicalindustryhasshapedtheIV.QuantumChemicalMethodsforAnalyzingthe727waychemistryistaughtandunderstoodatuniversi-ChemicalBondties.ThesuccessfulsynthesisofanewcompoundisIV.1.NaturalBondOrbitalMethods728genera
4、llyvaluedmuchmorehighlythantheresultsIV.2.ChargeDecompositionAnalysis728ofabondinganalysisofamolecule.ThisiswhyIV.3.Atoms-In-Molecules729chemistryhasaquiredduringitshistorythechar-IV.4.EnergyDecompositionMethods:ETS,EDA,730acterofbeinganengineeringdiscipline.andCSOVQuantumchemic
5、allyderivedmodelshavegainedV.ClassesofTransition-MetalCompounds730someacceptanceinthepastdecades,butitstillholdsV.1.CarbonylComplexesandRelated730thatthevalueofabondingmodelisprimarilyjudgedCompoundsbythesimplicityofitsapplication,ratherthanbyV.2.CarbeneComplexesandHigherHomolog
6、ues741itstheoreticaljustification.HuÈckel1alreadyshowedV.3.CarbyneComplexes747in1931thatquantumchemicalmethodscouldgiveV.4.Alkeneð-ComplexesandHigher750anexplanationforthestabilityandthechemicalHomologuesbehaviorofaromaticcompounds,buthisworkwasV.5.Alkyneð-ComplexesandHigherHomo
7、logues753completelyignoredinchemistryforseveralde-cades.2,3ThereasonforthiswasthatthenewV.6.TMComplexeswithGroup-13LigandAtoms760E)B,Al,Ga,In,TlquantumtheoryusedcomplicatedmathematicalV.6.1.ComplexeswithLigandsBF,BO-and761formulasinordertoexplainthechemicalbond,whileBNH2chemists
8、weretrainedtoemploysimplemodelsandV.6.2.Complex
