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1、本科毕业论文英文文献外文题目:ClusterTechniquesasaMethodtoAnalyzeIndustrialCompetitiveness出处:InternationalAdvancesinEconomicResearch作者:MichaelPeneder原文:ClusterTechniquesasaMethodtoAnalyzeIndustrialCompetitivenessMichaelPenederABSTRACTPorter'sinfluentialstudyonthecompetitiveadvantageofnationsinspi
2、redamethodologicallyextendedworkonAustriandata.IncontrasttoPorter'sanalysis,competitivenessisdeterminedendogenouslybymeansofstatisticalclustertechniques.Avoidinghis"cut-off"approach,"well-"and"badly"performingindustriesaretheobjectsofanalysis.Theresultingclustercentersconstitutethe
3、typicalpatternofcompetitivenessforthechosentradeindicators,whiletheclassificationsproducea"map"ofAustrianindustrialexportperformance.Theresultsfurthershowthat:1)clusteredindustriesgenerallyarerareinthecaseofAustria;2)someofthemarelocatedindeclining,crisis-shakensectors;and3)competi
4、tivenessunderlinestheimportanceoftransnationallinks(asopposedtonarrownationalboundaries)fortheformationofsuccessfulindustries.(JELL10)INTRODUCTIONPorter's[1990]influentialstudyonthecompetitiveadvantageofnationsinspiredthismethodologicallyextendedworkonAustriandata.Basicallybuilding
5、uponMarshall's[1920]insightsintotheregionalconcentrationofeconomicactivities,Porterstronglyemphasizestheimportanceofindustrialclusters,characterizedbythepresenceofsuccessfulhorizontally12relatedfirms,aswellasverticallysupportingindustries.Denseinformationalstructureswithsignificant
6、externalities,intensecompetition,lowertransactioncosts,andcooperationandgreaterweightinpoliticallobbyingfeedaself-reinforcingprocessofdynamiccompetitiveadvantagesandgrowth(formoredetails,seeHutschenreiterandPeneder[1994]).However,amajormethodologicalprobleminPorter'sanalysis--where
7、noclustertechniquesintheirliteral(i.e.,statistical)meaningareapplied--isitsdeterminationofcompetitivenessofdifferentindustriesbyexogenouslygivenboundariesonperformanceindicators(e.g.,marketsharex%aboveacountry'saverage).Inaddition,allindustriesperformingbelowthislevelareeliminatedf
8、ortherestoftheanalysis,wit