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1、2205CH08Page191Friday,August10,200112:39PM8Double-StrandedRNAElementsModulatingVirulenceinRhizoctoniaSolaniStellosM.Tavantzis,DilipK.Lakshman,andChunyuLiuCONTENTS8.1Introduction.................................................................................................

2、.1918.2CytoplasmicHypovirulenseinR.Solani....................................................1928.3Hypovirulence-MediatedBiocontrolofR.Solani.......................................1958.4NatureofdsRNAElementsinR.Solani.....................................................1978

3、.5dsRNAsAssociatedwithChangesofVirulenceinR.Solani.....................1998.6TheQuinate-ShikimatePathwayConnection..............................................2018.7ThePseudorepressorHypothesis.................................................................2028.8PlantComp

4、osts,QuinateAvailability,andManagementofRhizoctoniaDisease.........................................................................................................2058.9FuturePerspectives......................................................................................2

5、06References..............................................................................................................2078.1INTRODUCTIONTodate,plantdiseasemanagementhasreliedheavilyontheuseofchemicalsleadingtoincreasedproductioncosts,utilizationoffossil-fuelenergy,water

6、pollution,non-targeteffects,anddevelopmentoftolerancebythetargetorganism.Understandingofthefactorsregulatingvirulenceinthepathogenwillleadtothedevelopmentofbiocontrol-orgenetic-engineering-basedstrategiesofplantdiseasemanagementthatwillfulfilltheneedforsustainableandnonpollu

7、tingagriculturalpractices.SpeciesofRhizoctoniacauseeconomicallyimportantdiseasesonmostoftheworld’smajorfieldandvegetablecrops,fruitandforesttrees,turfgrasses,andornamentalplants.1Thus,characterizationofgeneticfactorsregulatingvirulenceinR.solanicouldhaveasignificantimpactonaw

8、idespectrumofplant-relatedhumanendeavors.0-8493-2205-7/02/$0.00+$1.50©2002byCRCPre