genes_in_conflict__the_biology_of_selfish_genetic_elements

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1、GENESINCONFLICTGENESINCONFLICTTheBiologyofSelfishGeneticElementsaustinburtandroberttriversthebelknappressofharvarduniversitypressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,EnglandCopyright©2006bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaFirstHarvardUniversityPres

2、spaperbackedition,2008.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataBurt,Austin.Genesinconflict:thebiologyofselfishgeneticelements/AustinBurtandRobertTrivers.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-674-01713-9(cloth:alk.paper)ISBN978-0-674-02722-0(pbk.)1.Selfishgeneticelements.I

3、.Trivers,Robert.II.Title.QH447.8.S45B872006572.8′6—dc222005051219ContentsPrefaceviiONESelÞshGeneticElements1TWOAutosomalKillers19THREESelÞshSexChromosomes60FOURGenomicImprinting96FIVESelÞshMitochondrialDNA142SIXGeneConversionandHoming185ContentsSEVENTransposableElements228EIGHTFemaleDrive301NIN

4、EBChromosomes325TENGenomicExclusion381ELEVENSelÞshCellLineages420TWELVESummaryandFutureDirections447References477Glossary577ExpandedContents583TaxonomicIndex591GeneralIndex595Platesfollowp.262viPrefacethatwithin-individualconßictwouldbe-comeanimportanttopicinevolutionarygenetics.Bylogic,situati

5、onsofconßict,inwhichnaturalselectionactsinopposingdirectionssimulta-neously,arelikelytogeneratestrongcoadaptationsoneachside.Atthelevelofindividualsinteractingwithin(orbetween)species,thisconßictisseentogenerateawiderangeofbehaviorsandstructures.Conßictwithinanindividualmightbeexpectedtogenerat

6、esimilarkindsofgeneticcomplex-ity.EmpiricallyithasbecomeapparentthatsomecategoriesofselÞshge-neticelements(e.g.,transposableelements)areverywidespread,ifnotuni-versal,andthatothercategories(e.g.,Bchromosomes,genomicimprinting)areimportantinasubstantialminorityofspecies.Inthespiritofexploringthi

7、semergingworldtogether,weembarkedintheearly1990sonabookthatwouldcoverallaspectsofselÞshgeneticelements,thosestretchesofDNAthatspreadinspiteofbeinginjurioustotheindividualstheyoccupy.WetaughtacoursetogetheronthesubjectattheUniversi