Three dimensional static and dynamic analysis of structures.pdf

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1、Three-DimensionalStaticandDynamicAnalysisofStructuresAPhysicalApproachWithEmphasisonEarthquakeEngineeringEdwardL.WilsonProfessorEmeritusofStructuralEngineeringUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyComputersandStructures,Inc.ThirdEditionReprintJanuary2002Berkeley,California,USACopyr

2、ightbyComputersandStructures,Inc.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofComputersandStructures,Inc.Copiesofthispublicationmaybeobtainedfrom:ComputersandStructures,Inc.1995UniversityAvenueBerkeley,California9

3、4704USAPhone:(510)845-2177FAX:(510)845-4096e-mail:info@csiberkeley.comCopyrightComputersandStructures,Inc.,1996-2001TheCSILogoisatrademarkofComputersandStructures,Inc.SAP90,SAP2000,SAFE,FLOORandETABSaretrademarksofComputersandStructures,Inc.ISBN0-923907-00-9STRUCTURALENGINEE

4、RINGISTHEARTOFUSINGMATERIALSThatHavePropertiesWhichCanOnlyBeEstimatedTOBUILDREALSTRUCTURESThatCanOnlyBeApproximatelyAnalyzedTOWITHSTANDFORCESThatAreNotAccuratelyKnownSOTHATOURRESPONSIBILITYWITHRESPECTTOPUBLICSAFETYISSATISFIED.AdaptedFromAnUnknownAuthorPrefaceToThirdEditionThi

5、seditionofthebookcontainscorrectionsandadditionstotheJuly1998edition.MostofthenewmaterialthathasbeenaddedisinresponsetoquestionsandcommentsfromtheusersofSAP2000,ETABSandSAFE.Chapter22hasbeenwrittenonthedirectuseofabsoluteearthquakedisplacementloadingactingatthebaseofthestruct

6、ure.Severalnewtypesofnumericalerrorsforabsolutedisplacementloadinghavebeenidentified.First,thefundamentalnatureofdisplacementloadingissignificantlydifferentfromthebaseaccelerationloadingtraditionallyusedinearthquakeengineering.Second,asmallerintegrationtimestepisrequiredtodef

7、inetheearthquakedisplacementandtosolvethedynamicequilibriumequations.Third,alargenumberofmodesarerequiredforabsolutedisplacementloadingtoobtainthesameaccuracyasproducedwhenbaseaccelerationisusedastheloading.Fourth,the90percentmassparticipationrule,intendedtoassureaccuracyofth

8、eanalysis,doesnotapplyforabsolutedisplacementloading.Finally,theeffe