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1、JournalofComputationalPhysics229(2010)561–593ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofComputationalPhysicsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jcpHigh-ordersonicboommodelingbasedonadaptivemethodsF.Alauzet*,A.LoseilleINRIA,ProjetGamma,DomainedeVoluceau,Rocquencourt,BP10
2、5,78153LeChesnayCedex,FrancearticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Thispaperpresentsanaccurateapproachtosimulatethesonicboomofsupersonicair-Received27March2009crafts.Thenear-fieldflowismodeledbytheconservativeEulerequationsandissolvedReceivedinrevisedform11Septemberusingavertex-cente
3、redfinitevolumeapproachonadaptedunstructuredtetrahedral2009meshes.Ametric-basedanisotropicmeshadaptationisconsideredtocontroltheinterpo-Accepted17September2009plationerrorinLnorm.Then,fromtheCFDsolution,thepressuredistributionundertheAvailableonline9October2009aircraftisextract
4、edandusedtosetuptheinitialconditionsofthepropagationalgorithminthefar-field.ThepressuredistributionispropagateddowntothegroundinordertoKeywords:obtainthesonicboomsignatureusingaraytracingalgorithmbasedupontheThomasSonicboomEulerequationswaveformparametermethod.Inthisstudy,asoni
5、cboomsensitivityanalysisiscarriedFinitevolumeoutonseveralaircraftdesigns(low-dragandlow-boomshapes).AnisotropicmeshadaptationÓ2009ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.Waveformparametermethod1.IntroductionSonicboom,likeeverysound,correspondstoasmallvariation(positiveforacompressionorn
6、egativeforanexpansion)oftheambientairpressurewithrespecttotheatmosphericpressure.Thisacousticphenomenonisassociatedwithbodiesmovinginatmosphereataspeedexceedingthelocalspeedofsound.Whenanaircraftexceedsthespeedofsound,shockwavesaregeneratedatitssurfaceandemanateoutward,forming
7、theMachcone.Usually,theseshockwavescoalesceintoacharacteristicNshapewavewhentheypropagateinatmospheretowardtheground.The‘‘boom–boom”heardonthegroundcomesfromtheabruptpressureincreaseintheambientair,i.e.,thetwoshockwavesoftheNshapeacousticsignal.Theregionexposedtothesonicboomho
8、rizontallyextendsoneachsideoftheaircraftpathonthegroundonaban
