资源描述：
《the war against the heresy in medieval europe (1).pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、ThewaragainstheresyinmedievalEurope*BlackwellPublishingLtdOxford,UKHISRHistoricalResearch0950-3471©InstituteofHistoricalResearch2007>XXXOriginalArticlesThewaragainstheresyinmedievalEuropeR.I.MooreNewcastleUniversityAbstractBoththelevelofclericalanxietyaboutpopularheresyinthecenturyors
2、oafter1140andthebreadthandvigourofmeasuresadoptedtosuppressit,initiallyintheLanguedoc,weredisproportionatetoitsextent,coherenceandsupport.Thisarticlethereforeseeksanalternativeexplanationforthelaunchingofthe‘waragainstheresy’inthirteenth-centuryEurope,andfindsitprimarilyinthedeveloping
3、self-consciousnessofthenewadministrativeeliteproducedbythedemographicandculturaltransformationofEuropeintheeleventhcentury.BytheendofthetwelfthcenturythebeliefthatheresyconstitutednotonlyatheoreticalbutarealandpresentdangertothefaithhadinitselfbecomeatestofCatholicorthodoxy.Thegrowing
4、fearofheresywasexpressedinabatteryofmeasuresforitsdetectionandsuppression,butnotassuagedbythem.Warwasheldtobepermissibleagainsthereticsasagainstunbelievers.TheAlbigensiancrusade,launchedagainstthecountyofToulousein1209,wasonlythefirst,althoughthemostnotorious,bloodyandconsequential,oft
5、hewarsagainstheresy–intheliteralsenseratherthanthemetaphoricaloneofthetitleofthisarticle–whichmarkedthehistoryofthethirteenthcentury,andwhoseessentiallypoliticalcharacterbecameevermoreovert.Inprinciple,responsibilityfortheprosecutionofheresybelongedtothebishopsintheirdioceses,buttheyw
6、ereincreasinglyurgedtoactionbykingsandpopes,whoin1184instructedthemtomakeregularinquisitionforhereticsandtheirsupportersonpainofthemselvesbeingidentifiedassuch.Whenthatfailedtoyieldtheexpectedresults,inquisitionforheresywasincreasinglytakenoutofthehandsofthebishops,andentrustedtospecia
7、lagentsdirectlyarmedbypapalauthoritywithsweepingpowerstoenterandinterrogatewholecommunities,andtoimposeuponthosewhomthey*ThisarticleisaversionoftheCreightonLecturedeliveredintheUniversityofLondonon1Nov.2004,basedontheHenryCharlesLeaMemorialLecturedeliveredattheUniversityofPennsylvania
8、inApr
