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1、DEÁK“Sparingfewwords,IstvánDeákbrilliantlycapturesthecomplexandcontradictoryworldthatconfrontedEuropeansunderNazirule.FromBelgiumtoBulgaria,fromthefirstGermanconqueststopostwartrials,thebookpresentsarefreshinglyoriginalanddeeplyinsightfulnarrativethatupendstraditionalstoriesofhe
2、roism,perseverance,orbetrayal.Inrivetingandaccessibleprose,DeákgivesusastorythatwillbecomethestandardinuniversityEUROPEcoursesonthewarandmodernEuropeanhistory.”—BenjaminFrommer,NorthwesternUniversity“NohistorianisbettersuitedthanIstvánDeáktosurveycollaboration,resistance,andEURO
3、PEONTRIALretributioninrelationtotheSecondWorldWar....Deák’sinsightfulanalysisandvibrantONTRIALstorytellingfollowanunerringmoralcompass.Hereisamasterscholar’seloquentmeditationonHitler’sEurope.”—JamesMaceWard,UniversityofRhodeIslandTheStoryofCollaboration,Resistance,and“Thisisane
4、xcellentcontributiononanimportantsubjectbyanexperiencedscholar.ThetrulyEuropeanrangeoftheexpositionisimpressive;theattemptatevaluativeRetributionDuringWorldWarIIbalanceisexemplary.”—KonradH.Jarausch,UniversityofNorthCarolinaInEuropeonTrial,acclaimedhistorianIstvánDeákexploresthe
5、historyofcollaboration,retribution,andresistanceduringWorldWarII.ThesethreethemesareexaminedthroughtheexperiencesofpeopleandcountriesunderGermanoccupation,aswellasSoviet,Italian,andothermilitaryrule.Thoseunderforeignrulefacedinnumerablemoralandethicaldilemmas,includingthequestio
6、nofwhethertocooperatewiththeiroccupiers,trytosurvivethewarwithoutanypoliticalinvolvement,orrisktheirlivesbybecomingresisters.Manychoseallthree,dependingonwartimeconditions.Followingthebrutalwar,theauthordiscussesthepurgesofrealorallegedwarcriminalsandcollaborators,throughvarious
7、actsofviolence,deportations,andjudicialproceedingsattheNurembergInternationalMilitaryTribunalaswellasinthousandsoflocalcourts.EuropeonTrialhelpsustounderstandthemanymoralconsequencesbothduringandimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarII.ForewordbyNormanM.NaimarkISTVÁNDEÁK,aprofessoremeritu
8、sofhistoryatColumbiaUniversity,isanauthorityonm