chapter ix america during and after world war ii

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1、ChapterIXAmericaDuringandAfterWorldWarIIContents:FromIsolationtoIntervention(policyofUS)ImportantConferencesduringWorldWarIITheColdWarandCivilRightsMovementFromEisenhowertoClintonTheDepressionthathittheUnitedStatesinthe1930ssoonspreadalloverthecapitalistworld.ThecauseofWorldWarIIwastheresulto

2、fthestruggleforpowerbetweengreatpowers,forcontroloftheworldandmilitaryexpansionofthecountriesofNaziGermany,FascistItalyandmilitaristJapan.In1930s,theUSgovernmenttriedtofollowitsoldisolationistpolicy.Between1935and1937,USCongresspassedthreeneutralityacts.TheUSisolationistpolicyactualencouragedHitl

3、ertobelievethattheycouldrelyonAmericanneutralityinthecomingwarandthatthistimetheirvictimscouldnotmakeloansorbuymunitionsintheUS.ItalsogivetheleadersofJapanfurtherreasontobelievethatthenurtureUSwouldnotfightforherOpenDoororintegrityofChina.WhenWorldWarIIeruptedin1939,theUSCongressrepealedthearmsem

4、bargoandsubstituted代替a“cash-and–carry”现购自运policyinNovemberofthesameyear.TradingwithAmericanmerchantstransportedtheirgoodsinforeignvesselsandthegoodsbepaidforbeforetheyleftAmericanports.ThepolicywastotheadvantageofEngland.In1940,whenFranklinRooseveltwonhisunprecedentedtryforathirdtermasPresident,a

5、lmosteverycountryinWesternEuropewasvirtuallydefeatedinablitzkrieg[`blitskri:g]闪电战byHitler.InAsiaJapan’sinvasionofChinaandinfiltration渗入intoIndochinahadshowedclearlythatJapan’sexpansionistpolicyaimedatdominationoftheFarEastandthePacific.InSep.1940theTripartite[trai`pa:tait]三方PactwassignedinBerlinb

6、inding捆绑Germany,ItalyandJapantogether.In1940,theUSbegangigantic[dʒai`gæntik]庞大navalprogramtomake200newwarships.Rooseveltaskedfor$1,182millionfornationaldefenseandcalledforproductionof5,000planesayear.InMarch1941,CongresspassedtheLend-LeaseAct租借法whichhelpedthefightingagainstfascism[`fæʃizәm].Whent

7、heUSwastakingstepstohelptheAllies,JapansuddenlyattackedtheUSnavalbaseatPearlHarborinHawaiionDec.7,1941.ThismadeAmericaformallyenterthewar.ThesuddenblowgavetheJapanesenavalcontroloftheWesternPacificQuicklyandtheycapture