toefl阅读强化讲义

《toefl阅读强化讲义》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、TOEFL强化阅读讲义FactualinformationandnegativefactualinformationquestionsAccordingtoparagraph3,displacementisA.InternallydirectedaggressionB.amodeledtypeofaggressionC.aggressionthatisunintentionalD.aggressionthatisdirectedoutwardAnethologistwouldbemostlikelytostudyA.learnedcatharsisinacertainspeciesofmonk

2、eyB.theevolutionofcertaintypeoffishC.thebonestructureofacertaintypeofdinosaurD.themannerinwhichacertainmalelionfightsothermalelionsNumeroustheoriesarebasedontheideasthataggressionisaninherentandnaturalhumaninstinct.Aggressionhasbeenexplainedasaninstinctthatisdirectedexternallytowardothersinaprocessc

3、alleddisplacement,andithasbeennotedthataggressiveimpulsesthatarenotchanneledtowardaspecificpersonorgroupmaybeexpressedindirectlythroughsociallyacceptableactivitiessuchassportsandcompetitioninaprocesscalledcatharsis.Biological,orinstinctive,theoriesofaggressionhavealsobeenputforthbyethologists,whostu

4、dythebehaviorofanimalsintheirnaturalenvironments.Anumberofethologistshave,basedupontheirobservationsofanimals,supportedtheviewthataggressionisaninnateinstinctcommontohumans.Inparagraph1,theauthorexplainstheconceptofenergyexpenditurebyA.identifyingtypesoforganismsthatbecameextinctB.comparingthescient

5、ificconcepttoafamiliarhumanexperienceC.arguingthatmostorganismsconserveratherthanexpendenergyD.describingtheprocessofgrowth,reproduction,andmetabolismGrowth,reproductionanddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudget

6、ed.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Similarly,aplantoranimalcannotsquanderallitsenergyongrowingabigbodyifnonewouldbeleftoverforreproduction,forthisisthesurestwaytoextinction.17/17TOEFL强化阅读讲义Allofthefollowingaredescribedasbeingcontrolledbytheautomaticnervou

7、ssystemEXCEPTA．connectivetissueB．cardiacmuscleC．glandularactivityD．smoothmuscleInanyvertebratetwochiefpartsofthenervoussystemmaybedistinguished.Therearecentralnervoussystem,consistingofthebrainandspin