细胞与分子生物学3

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1、ThePlantCellWallPart1•Cellwallstructure•PolysaccharidesinthewallPart2•CellwallbiosynthesisPart3•Cellwallproteins•Aromaticcompounds(incl.lignin)•Cross-linking•Cellexpansion•CellwalldegradationTheGolgiapparatusisa‘sugarfactory’≈500glycosyltransferasesinArabidopsis150di

2、fferentArabidopsisthalianaglycosyltransferase(GTs)activitiesrequired?•methyltransferases•acetyltransferases•feruloyltransferases•NDP-sugartransporters•NDP-sugarinterconvertingenzymes•hydrolasesNucleotidesugarsarethesubstratesforpolysaccharidebiosynthesisUDP-sugarsGDP-

3、sugars(ADP-glucoseisprecursorforstarchbiosynthesis)NucleotidesugarsarethesubstratesforpolysaccharidebiosynthesisUDP-sugarsGDP-sugars(ADP-glucoseisprecursorforstarchbiosynthesis)CHOH2OHCH2OHCHOHOHCHOH22OOHOOOOOOHOHOUDPRROHOHOHOHOHO+OOOHOOOHCH2OHOHOHCHOHOH2-UDP-D-Gluco

4、se-1,4-Glucan(n)-1,4-Glucan(n+1)ß-glucansynthasesareexamplesofinvertingglycosyltransferasesCOOHOHCOOHCOOHOHCOOHOHOOOOHOOOOHOHOHUDP+OHROHROHOOHOOOOOOHCOOHOHOHCOOHOH-UDP-D-Galacturonicacid-1,4-Galacturonan(n)-1,4-Galacturonan(n+1)-galacturonansynthasesareexampleso

5、fretainingglycosyltransferaseswww.cazy.orgRetainingCAZyfamiliesfoundin4eukaryotesGAUT1QUASIMODO1IRX8PARVUSGUX(sucrose)RGXTRRAXEG113RAY1(trehalose)XG-XylTGM-GalT(starch)EPC1InvertingCAZyfamiliesfoundin4eukaryotesC.elegans77A.thaliana12145CESAsDrosophilaCSLsMUR3C.elegan

6、s40IRX7/7LyeastIRX10/10LArabidopsisGALT135(glycoprotein)ARAD1/2XGD130seneGALSgf25orebm20uN15GSGSLsXylTFUTs(glycoprot)10IRX9XAT?IRX14XAX?(galacto-RGPs5lipid)012710111314161718192122232528293031333739414347484950545758596165666875769092CAZyGTFamilyTheCESA-CSLsuperfamily

7、ofgenesisresponsibleforsynthesisofcelluloseandmanyhemicellulosesXyloglucansynthasesCellulosesynthasesGlucanormannan(Gluco-)mannansynthases?synthases-1-3,1-4-glucansynthases???-1-3,1-4-glucansynthasesBackbonesynthases:CSLCCSLH,CSLFIRX9,IRX10,IRX14CSLA,CSLD?CSLATheCES

8、A-CSLsuperfamilyofgenesisresponsibleforsynthesisofcelluloseandmanyhemicellulosesXyloglucansynthasesCellulosesynthasesGlucano