Behavioral Responses of Cao vit gibbon.pdf

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1、AmericanJournalofPrimatology74:632–641(2012)RESEARCHARTICLEBehavioralResponsesofCaoVitGibbon(NomascusNasutus)toVariationsinFoodAbundanceandTemperatureinBangliang,Jingxi,ChinaPENG-FEIFAN∗,HAN-LANFEI,ANDCHANG-YONGMAInstituteofEastern-HimalayaBiodiversityResearch,DaliUniversity,Yu

2、nnan,People’sRepublicofChinaTheCaoVitgibbonisacriticallyendangeredspecieswithonlyabout110individualsremaininginadegradedkarstforestalongtheChina-Vietnamborder.Behavioraldatafromthissiteareparticularlyusefulinunderstandinggibbonbehavioraladaptationstodifferentsetsofecologicalcon

3、ditionsandwillcontributetotheconservationofthespecies.WestudiedseasonalvariationinthetimebudgetanddietoftheCaoVitgibboninresponsetovariationinfoodavailabilityandambienttemperaturebyobservingtwogroupsfor1,379hrbetweenJanuaryandDecember2009.Weused5-minscansamplestorecordtheactivi

4、tyofgibbons.Bothambienttemperatureandfoodavailabilityvariedfrommonthtomonth.Gibbongroupsincreasedrestingtimeandhuddledtogetherinsleepingplacesincoldmonths.Gibbonsspentmoretimefeedingonfruitwhenfruitwasmoreabundantsuggestingthatfruitwastheirpreferredfood.Alternatively,leafeating

5、wasnegativelycorrelatedwithleafavailabilitywhichsuggestedthatleavesmaybeusedasafallbackfood.Gibbonsincreasedtheirdietdiversitywhentheyatemoreleaves.Thismightbeastrategytocopewithtoxinsordigestioninhibitoraccumulationassociatedwithfeedingfromalimitednumberofleafspecies.Individua

6、lsconsumedmorebudswhenBroussonetiapapyriferaproducedbudsinMarchandApril.Duringthisperiod,theydecreasedtravelingtimeandengagedinlessfrequentsocialinteractions.GibbonsspentmoretimesearchingforandfeedingoninvertebratesduringJuneandOctober.However,wedidnotcollectdataoninvertebratea

7、bundanceandthereforecannotdeterminetherelationshipbetweeninvertebratefeedingandavailability.Weconcludethatflexibilityinconsumingdiversefoodtypesandfoodspecies,andinrespondingtotheavailabilityofpreferredfoods,hasenabledtheCaoVitgibbontosurviveinadegradedkarstforesthabitat.Am.J.Pr

8、imatol.74:632–641,2012.C2012WileyPeriodicals,Inc.Keyw