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1、MetaphorstheEnglishlanguagelivesbyJIANGYAJUNAdiscussionofthecentralityofimageryinthepromotionanduseofEnglishworldwideMetaphoristraditionallyconsidereda“figure(Cameron&Low,1999:xiii).Metaphorscan,ofspeech”,describingonethingbystatingasitwere,bebridgesaswella
2、sbarriers.anotherwithwhichitcanbecompared,asdis-Indeed,somewritershavediscoveredthatcussedbyrhetoriciansandgrammarians,fromsomemetaphorsoflanguage,teacherandAristotleinhisPoeticsandRhetorictoI.A.learnerareso‘degenerate’thattheyaffectourRichardsinThePhiloso
3、phyofRhetoric(1936)teachingandlearningpractice:andKennethBurkeinAGrammarofMotives…ifthemetaphoroflanguageasacommodity(1945),agrowingnumberofrecentlinguistsisanobsoleteone,itsmetaphoricalcorollary—havebeentryingtoestablishmetaphoratathatteachinglanguageisth
4、econveyanceofcognitive,conceptuallevel(suchasLakoffandcommoditiesfromteachertolearner—persistsJohnson,1980;Gibbs,1994).(despiteattemptstoidentifyacommunicativeTheyholdthatmetaphorisacentraltoolofmetaphor,forexampleNattinger1984);thisourcognitiveapparatusan
5、dtherefore“themustbeequallydegenerate,especiallyinitsstudyorpursuitofmetaphorisameansofimplicationthatlearnersarereceptorsorconsumers,henceintrinsicallypassivequestioningtheassumptions,descriptionsand(Thornbury,1999:196).definitionsofaliteralisticandconstri
6、ctingout-lookonreality”(Gwyn,1999:219).LakoffandAsaresult,newmetaphorsareneeded,iftheJohnson(1980:5),forexample,definesituationistobeimproved.AsLakoffandJohn-metaphoras“understandingandexperiencingsonsay,“newmetaphorshavethepowertoonekindofthingintermsofan
7、other”.Sincecreateanewreality”(1980:145).Or“languagethebeginningof1980s,metaphorsinvariousmakesreality”,asRobinTolmachLakofftellsareashavebeenexploredasaproductand/orus(2000:20).Thisiswherethispapertakesitsprocessofcognition:intreatingillness(Son-tag,1991)
8、,inpsychology(Soyland,1994),inphysics(Jones,1983),inteachertraining(Bul-lough,1991;Grant,1992),andinlanguageJIANGYAJUNisAssociateProfessorinEnglishLanguageandLiteratureatWeinanTeacherspolicy-making(Eggington,
