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1、Ethics&GlobalPoliticsVol.7,No.3,2014,pp.95117FirststepstowardanonidealtheoryofjusticeMarcusArvan*DepartmentofPhilosophyandReligion,UniversityofTampa,Tampa,FL,USAAbstractTheoristshavelongdebatedwhetherJohnRawlsconceptionofjusticeasfairnesscanbeextendedtononideal(i.e.unjust
2、)socialandpoliticalconditions,andifso,whattheproperwayofextendingitis.Thispaperarguesthatinordertoproperlyextendjusticeasfairnesstononidealconditions,Rawlsmostfamousinnovation*theoriginalposition*mustbereconceivedintheformofanonidealoriginalposition.Ibeginbyprovidinganewan
3、alysisoftheideal/nonidealtheorydistinctionwithinRawlstheoreticalframework.Ithensystematicallyconstructanonidealoriginalposition,showingthatalthoughitspartiesmusthaveRawlsprinciplesofidealjusticeandpriorityrelationsasbackgroundaims,thepartiesshouldbeentirelyfreetoweighthose
4、aimsagainstwhateverburdensandbenefitstheymightfaceundernonidealconditions.Next,Ishowthatthepartiesoughttoaimtosecureforthemselvesaspecialclassofnonidealprimarygoods:all-purposegoodssimilartoRawlsoriginalprimarygoods,butwhichinthiscaseareall-purposegoodsindividualsmightuset
5、o(a)promoteRawlsianidealsundernonidealconditions,(b)weighRawlsprinciplesofidealjusticeandpriorityrelationsagainstwhateverburdensandbenefitstheymightfaceundernonidealconditions,and(c)effectivelypursuetheirmostfavoredweightingthereof.Finally,Idefendaprovisionallistofnonideal
6、primarygoods,andbrieflyspeculateonhowthepartiestothenonidealoriginalpositionmightdeliberatetoprinciplesofnonidealjusticefordistributingthem.Keywords:justice;fairness;Rawls;ideal;nonideal;political;moralityInATheoryofJusticeandPoliticalLiberalism,JohnRawlsfamouslyarguedthat
7、justiceisfairness,andusedamodelofsocialandpoliticalfairness*theoriginal1position*toderivetwoprinciplesofjusticetogovernafullyjust(orideal)society.However,becauseRawlsonlyappliedtheoriginalpositiontothequestionofwhichprinciplesofjusticewouldgovernafullyjustsociety,theorists
8、havelongdebatedwhetherjusticeasfairnesscanbeextendedtononidealconditionsthatfallshortof2f
