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1、ECONOMICANDSOCIALCOMMISSIONFORWESTERNASIAPOTENTIALOFMANUFACTURINGSMESFORINNOVATIONINSELECTEDESCWACOUNTRIESUnitedNationsDistr.GENERALE/ESCWA/ID/2001/225April2001ORIGINAL:ENGLISHECONOMICANDSOCIALCOMMISSIONFORWESTERNASIAPOTENTIALOFMANUFACTURINGSMESFORINNOVATIONINSELECTEDESCWACOUNTRIESUnited
2、NationsNewYork200101-0436PrefaceInthecountriesoftheESCWAregion,nolessthaninmanyothercountries,bothdevelopedanddeveloping,manufacturingSMEsplayanimportantroleascontributorstonationaleconomicgrowthandprovidersofemploymentopportunities.InthedevelopedcountriesoftheOECD,governmentshaveenacted
3、legislationaimedatprovidingSMEswithaccesstocredit,technicalsupport,fiscalincentivesandmarkets.Inmostdevelopingcountries,ontheotherhand,SMEsenjoyonlylimitedsupportfromgovernment.However,theymanagetothriveandprospernonetheless,relyingontheirabilitytoinnovateandfindcreativeapproachestoprodu
4、ctionandmarekting.SMEs,oftheirverynature,tendtobeinnovative.AccordingtoJosephSchumpeter,innovationandtheinnovativespiritconstituteamajorproductionfactorforSMEs,onanequalfootingwithcapital,labourandrent.ManufacturingSMEsinthecountriesoftheESCWAregionarefacingseriouschallengesasaresultofem
5、ergingregionalandinternationaldevelopmentsandtherecentdramaticincreaseintradecompetitionindomesticandinternationalmarkets.Firmsinthatcategorystandatthethresholdofanewera,astrendsandeventsthatwillinevitablyhaveafar-reachingimpactonthequalityofourlivesappearinrapidsuccession.Newtechnologie
6、s,mostnotablyinformationtechnology,arebeingintroducedinvariousaspectsofmanufacturing,bringingwiththemchangesinproductionmanagementandcommercialpractice.ThestructureoftheinternationalexportmarketisbeingradicallyalteredbytheapplicationoftheprovisionsoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)Agreemen
7、t.Regionaleconomicgroupingsaregainingpowerandarecomingincreasinglytoinfluencethepatternsofinternationaltradeflows(suchasthoseamongthecountriesofEuropeandtheMediterraneanbasin),creatingnewprospectsandprovokingnewfears.Thepotentialforenhancedinter-Arabco-operationthroughthe
