原子物理讲义 amo_1

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1、Physics8.421CenterforUltracoldAtomsMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologySpring2006LectureNotesFebruary13,2006ContentsPrefaceiii1TheTwo-StateSystem:Resonance11.1Introduction....................................11.2ResonanceStudiesandQ.E.D..........................21.2.1T

2、helanguageofresonance:aclassicaldampedsystem........31.3MagneticResonance:ClassicalSpininTime-varyingB-Field........51.3.1Theclassicalmotionofspinsinastaticmagnetic¯eld........51.3.2Rotatingcoordinatetransformation..................61.3.3Larmor'stheorem.............

3、...............61.4MotioninaRotatingMagneticField......................71.4.1Exactresonance.............................71.4.2O®-resonancebehavior..........................81.5AdiabaticRapidPassage:Landau-ZenerCrossing...............91.5.1Rotatingframeargument......

4、..................101.5.2Quantumtreatment-LandauZener..................111.6ResonanceOfQuantizedSpin..........................121.6.1Expectedprojectionofquantizedspin.................121.6.2Resonanceofquantizedspin1.....................1321.6.2.1TheRabitransitionpro

5、bability...............131.6.2.2TheHamiltonianofaquantizedspin1...........1421.7QuantumMechanicalSolutionforResonanceinaTwo-StateSystem....151.7.1Interactionrepresentation........................151.7.2Two-stateproblem............................161.8DensityMatrix..

6、................................181.8.1Generalresults..............................181.8.2Densitymatrixfortwolevelsystem..................201.8.3Phenomologicaltreatmentofrelaxation:Blochequations......211.8.4Introduction:Electrons,Protons,andNuclei.............23iii

7、CONTENTSPrefaceTheoriginalincarnationofthesenoteswasdevelopedtoaccompanythelecturesintheMITgraduatecoursesinatomicphysics.AMOIwascreatedinthelate1960sasaone-termin-troductorycoursetopreparegraduatestudentsforresearchinatomicphysicsinthePhysicsDepartment.Overtheyears

8、DanKleppnerandDavidPritchardchangedthecontentsofthecoursetore°ectnewdirectionsofresearch,thoughthebasicconceptsremainedasaconstantthread.W