[第3部：战争与重建时代].(Europe.Since.1914：Encyclopedia.of.the.Age.of.War.and.Reconstruction.Volume-2)

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1、SCRIBNERLIBRARYOFMODERNEUROPEEUROPESINCE1914ENCYCLOPEDIAOFTHEAGEOFWARANDRECONSTRUCTIONVolume2ChildCaretoFuturismJohnMerrimanandJayWinterEDITORSINCHIEFC(CONTINUED)npsychologicalcommitmentonthepartoftheCHILDCARE.Childcarehasalwaysbeenmother.Asaresult,motherhoodcametobep

2、roblematic.Innineteenth-centuryindustrialviewedasavocationalactivity,afundamentalsocialsociety,childcarewasasocialnecessityresultingfunctionrequiringcarefulmonitoringandmanage-frommothersworking.Atthetime,solutionswerement,andnationalassociationswerecreatedformostofte

3、nfoundonanindividualbasis,byhavingthetrainingofmothersandtheprotectionofchil-thechildrenlookedafterbyrelatives,neighbors,ordren.Thenurseryconsultationsandhomevisitssetananny.Asearlyas1844,FirminMarbeauinupbythesebodiesclearlyreflectedanintentiontoFranceconceivedtheide

4、aofamodeldaycareexertcontroloversocialandfamilylife.center,whichconstitutedthefirststageinthedevelopmentofacomprehensiveeducationsystemNumerousmoralistsviewedthesenurseriesasforworking-classchildren,includingmothersanecessaryevilthatoughttoberesortedtoonlyschoolsforwo

5、menwhowereobligedtowork.incaseofabsolutenecessityandnotadvocatedasThenursery,whichwassupposedtosubstituteforastandardsolution.Aninterviewwithapplicantmothersduringworkinghours,wastobecomeafamiliespriortoadmissionwasoftenrequired,powerfulinstrumentofcontroloversocialan

6、dallowingtheserviceproviderstomonitorthefamilylife,aimingtoturnworkingwomenintoenvironmentwithinwhichthechildgrewup.worthymothersandhousewives.TheideawasEveningmeals,mostoftenlimitedtosoup,weresoontobetakenoverinothercountries.distributed,apracticethatlastedintothe197

7、0s.ChildrencouldnowbeentrustedtoprivatechildInthetwentiethcentury,theperiodbetweenminders,hostfamilies,orneighborsinreturnforthetwoworldwarswasatimeofparadoxes.payment.IncertainvillagesandthesuburbsofInterestinthefamilyhadneverbeensovivid,andlargecities,childcareevene

8、volvedintoaspecia-theroleofthemotherbecameacentralissue.Thelizedactivity.obsessionwithdemographysparkedbymassivelossoflifedu