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1、ComputersSeeingPeopleIrfanA.EssaCollegeofComputing,GVUCenterGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyAtlanta,GA30332-0280irfan@cc.gatech.eduhttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/ irfan1IntroductionOneofthemostexcitingandchallengingresearchquestsofthelastthirtyyearshasbeenthebuildingofmachinesthatcansee.Muc
2、hefforthasbeenexpendedon“automaticdeductionofstructureofapossi-blydynamicthree-dimensionalworldfromtwo-dimensionalimages.”[65].Therehasbeenconsiderableprogressintheareasofobjectrecognition,imageunderstandingandscenereconstructionfromsingleandmultipleimages.Thisprogresscoupledwitht
3、heimprovementsincomputationalpowerhaspromptedanewresearchfocusofmakingmachinesthatcanseepeople,recognizethem,andinterprettheirgestures,expressions,andactions.Inthispaper,wepresentmethodsthatgivemachinestheabilitytoseepeople,in-terprettheiractionsandinteractwiththem.Wepresentthemot
4、ivatingfactorsbehindthiswork,examplesofhowsuchcomputationalmethodsaredevelopedandtheirapplications.Thebasicreasonforprovidingmachinestheabilitytoseepeoplereallydependsonthetaskweareassociatingwithamachine.Anindustrialvisionsystemaimedatextractingdefectsonanassemblylineneednotknowa
5、nythingaboutpeople.Similarly,acomputerusedforemailandtextwritingneednotseeandperceivetheusersgesturesandexpressions.However,ifourinterestistobuildintelligentmachinesthatcanworkwithus,supportourneedsandbeourhelpers,thanitmayberequiredforthesemachinestoknowmoreaboutwhotheyaresupport
6、ingandhelping.Ifourcomputersaretodomorethensupportourtext-basedneedslikewritingpapers,spreadsheets,andcommunicatingviaemail;perhapstakeonaroleofbeingapersonalassistant,thentheabilitytoseeapersonisessential.Suchanabilitytoperceivepeopleissomethingthatwetakeforgrantedinoureverydayin
7、teractionswitheachother.Atpresentourmodelofamachineormorespecificallyofacomputerissomethingthatisplacedinthecorneroftheroom.Itisdeaf,dumb,andblind,havingnosenseoftheenvironmentthatitisinorofthepersonthatisnearit.Wecommunicatewiththiscomputerusingacodedsequenceoftappingsonakeyboard.
8、Imagineacomputerthatknowsthatyoua
