CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers 5. Networks and the Internet 课件

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1、Chapter1IntroductiontoComputersNetworksandtheInternetNetworksandtheInternetAnetworkisacollectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether,oftenwirelessly,viacommunicationsdevicesandtransmissionmediaNetworksandtheInternetTheInternetisaworldwidecollection

2、ofnetworksthatconnectsmillionsofbusinesses,governmentagencies,educationalinstitutions,andindividualsNetworksandtheInternetPeopleusetheInternetforavarietyofreasons:CommunicateResearchandAccessInformationShopBankandInvestOnlineTradingEntertainmentDownl

3、oadVideosShareInformationWebApplicationNetworksandtheInternetAsocialnetworkingWebsiteencouragesmemberstosharetheirinterests,ideas,stories,photos,music,andvideoswithotherregisteredusersNetworkingComputernetworkshaveopenedupanentirefrontierintheworldof

4、computingcalledtheclient/servermodelNetworkingFileserverAcomputerthatstoresandmanagesfilesformultipleusersonanetworkWebserverAcomputerdedicatedtorespondingtorequests(fromthebrowserclient)forwebpagesTypesofNetworksLocal-areanetwork(LAN)Anetworkthatcon

5、nectsarelativelysmallnumberofmachinesinarelativelyclosegeographicalareaTypesofNetworksVariousconfigurations,calledtopologies,havebeenusedtoadministerLANsRingtopologyAconfigurationthatconnectsallnodesinaclosedlooponwhichmessagestravelinonedirectionSta

6、rtopologyAconfigurationthatcentersaroundonenodetowhichallothersareconnectedandthroughwhichallmessagesaresentBustopologyAllnodesareconnectedtoasinglecommunicationlinethatcarriesmessagesinbothdirectionsTypesofNetworksAbustechnologycalledEthernethasbeco

7、metheindustrystandardforlocal-areanetworksVariousnetworktopologiesTypesofNetworksWide-areanetwork(WAN)Anetworkthatconnectstwoormorelocal-areanetworksoverapotentiallylargegeographicdistanceOftenoneparticularnodeonaLANissetuptoserveasagatewaytohandleal

8、lcommunicationgoingbetweenthatLANandothernetworksCommunicationbetweennetworksiscalledinternetworkingTheInternet,asweknowittoday,isessentiallytheultimatewide-areanetwork,spanningtheentireglobeTypesofNetworksMetropolitan-areanetwork(MAN)Thecommunicatio