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1、*DUNSTANBROWNPERIPHERALFUNCTIONSANDOVERDIFFERENTIATION:THE1RUSSIANSECONDLOCATIVE1.IntroductionInnovationscanspreadandeventuallypervadealanguage,theycanfailtotakehold,ortheycanremain,withouteveraffectingalargenumberoflexicalitems.Examplesofthelatterkindareinteresting,becausetheyprovideuswithi
2、nsightsintowhyalinguisticsystemdoesnotfavoursuchinnovations.ThesecondlocativeinRussianissuchanexample.Itiswellknownthatitaroseasaresultoftherestructuringofinflectionalclasses,inparticularwiththereinterpretationoftheoriginalu-stemlocativesingularinflection,togetherwiththeparalleldevelopmentof
3、astressedinflectioninasmallnumberofnounswhichnow2belongtothedeclensionhistoricallyassociatedwiththei-stems.However,therearetwoquestionsassociatedwithitsdevelopmentandcurrentstate.Thefirst,moreoftenposed,questionrelatestothefactorswhichfavoureditsdevelopment.Thesecond,lessoftenposed,questioni
4、swhyitfailedtogeneralize.Contrarytosomeassumptions,informantshavelittleproblemproducingoracceptingsecondlocativenounphrasescontaininganadjective,anditiseasytofindexamplesofsuchconstructionsinavarietyoftexts.Sothecombinatorypossibilitiesofthesecondlocativearenotlimitedtosetphrasesofthetypepre
5、position-noun,therebyraisingthequestionwhythesecondlocativefailedtogeneralizebeyondasmallsubsetofnouns.Weshowthatthereareassociationsbetweenfrequencydistributionsandtheuseofthesecondlocative,buttherearealsofactorsassociatedwiththesecondlocativewhicharenotassociatedwithhighfrequencyalone.Onth
6、isbasisitcould2havebeenexpectedtogeneralizetoalargernumberofnounsandbeyond.However,wearguethatthefailureofthesecondlocativetospreadliesinthefactthatitcouldneverberealizedinadjectivalparadigms.Theproblemisthatadjectives,incontrastwithnouns,wouldrequiretwodifferenttypesignatures,iftheyweretore
7、alizethesecondlocativecase:number-case-subcase(nouns);number-case-gender(adjectives)ornumber-case-subcase(adjectives).Evenifadjectivalmorphologycoulddifferentiatethetwocases,itwouldbesystematicallyconstrainedfromdoingso.Consequently,thesecondlocati
