基点与调整经验推理误解形成的根源之一

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1、山西大学2013届硕士学位论文基点与调整经验推理：误解形成的根源之一作者姓名指导教师学科专业研究方向培养单位学习年限胡颖吴亚欣教授外国语言学及应用语言学语用学外国语学院2010年9月一2013年6月二。一三年六月AThesisSubmittedfor2013Master’SDegreeatShanxiUniversityANCHoRINGANDADJUSTMENTHEUmSTIC：ON。ESOURCEOFNampMISUNDERSTANDINGSupervisorMajorHUYingProfe：ssorⅥrLJYax

2、inForeignLinguisticsandAppliedLinguisticsFieldofResearchPragmaticsDepartmentSchoolofForeignLanguagesResearchDurationSeptember,201O—-June．2013June2013ABSTRACTMisunderstandingisinevitableincommunicationonthebasisofalargeamountofpreviousstudiesaboutitasfortheindete

3、rminacyofnaturallanguageandthelackoftotalintersubjectivitybetweenthespeakerandthehearer．Justbecauseofitsinevitability,ithasbeenahottopicandstimulatesalargeamountofresearchers’interestinexploringitssourcesforloweringthefrequenciesofunnecessaryconsequencesowingtom

4、isunderstanding．ThepresentstudyaimsatexploringthephenomenonofmisunderstandingfromtheperspectiveofcognitivepsychologyandtriestoprovethatanchoringandadjustmentheuristicdiscoveredbyTverskyandKahnemanin1974isoneofthesystematicandintrinsicsourcesofmisunderstandingwit

5、lltheaidofquestionnaire-orientedmethod。Ensuringthevalidityofthestudy,weplantanchoringandadjustmentheuristicintoeveryiteminthequestionnairesSOthatthepreferenceofthesubjectstotheanswerscanreflectdirectlywhethertheyareinfluencedbytheheuristicornot．Theresultsanalyze

6、dbySPSSshowthatpeoplearepronetobeaffectedbyanchoringandadjustmentheuristicwhentheyinterpretambiguousutterance．Iftheinformationanchoradoptedbythehearerisdifferentfromthespeaker’S，misunderstandingwillhappen．Onthecontrary,misunderstandingwillnothappen．Soanchoringan

7、dadjustmentheuristicisonesourceofmisunderstanding．Thepresentstudycontributestothetheoreticalimprovementanddirectstheactualpracticeforloweringthefrequenciesofunnecessaryconsequencesowingtomisunderstanding．Moreover,itprovidesanewinsightintotheexplorationofsourceso

8、fmisunderstandingforthefollowingresearchers．Keywords：misunderstanding；anchoringandadjustmentheuristic；thesourceofmisunderstanding．摘要大量研究证明，由于听话人与说话人的主观性以及语言的不确定性，交际中误