可及性经验推理误解形成的根源之一

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1、山西大学2013届硕士学位论文可及性经验推理：误解形成的根源之一作者姓名指导教师学科专业研究方向培养单位学习年限周晓丽于国栋教授外国语言学及应用语言学会话分析外国语学院2010年9月至2013年6月二。一三年六月AThesisSubmittedfor2013Master’SDegreeatShanxiUniversityAⅥ～ILABILITYHEURISTIC：0NESOURCEOFMISUNDERSTANDINGStudentNameZhouXiaoliSupervisorProfessorYuGuodongMajorForeignLingui

2、sticsandAppliedLinguisticsFieldofResearchConversationAnalysisDepartmentSchoolofForeignLanguagesResearchDuration2010．09．2013．06June，2013ABSTRACTVerbalcommunication，asamajorhumanactivity，playsasignificantroleinhumansurvivalanddevelopment．Inspiteofthefactthatlanguageusefacilitate

3、speople’Scommunicationgreatlyandmakesmutualunderstandingbetweeneachotherpossible，itCanneverguaranteethesuccessofeveryactofcommunicationConsiderableevidencefrombothdailycommunicationandpreviousstudiesrevealedandverifiedthatmisunderstandingisnotonlypervasive，butalsoinevitableThi

4、sthesisendeavorstoinvestigatethecognitivepsychologicalsourcesofmisunderstanding．Itprovesthatavailabilityheuristicissuchasourcebyadoptingaquestionnaire-orientedmethod．Availabilityheuristic，asoneofthepsychologicalbiasesproposedbyTverskyandKahnemanin1974，isdefinedaSthetendencytoa

5、ssessthefrequencyofaclassortheprobabilityofaneventbytheeasewithwhichinstancesoroccurrencesCanbebroughttomind．Whenmaterializedinlanguageuse，itreferstothetendencytointerpretanutterancebytheeasewithwhichtheinterpreter’Srelatedindividualexperiencecomesintomind．Here，relatedindividu

6、alexperienceconsistsoftwoparts：theinterpreter’Spersonallifeexperienceandhislinguisticexperience．Accordingly，wesupposethatavailabilityheuristicwillinterferewithpeople’Sinterpretationofutterances．Inotherwords，peopletendtointerpretanutteranceinlinewiththeirindividualexperience．Da

7、taanalysisbymeansofSPSSdemonstratesthatthewaypeopleinterpretanutterancetendstobeconsistentwiththeirindividualexperience．Inmostcases，utteranceinterpretationisinterferedwithbypeople’Spersonallifeexperience．Inothers，theinterferenceoflinguisticexperience，ortheimpactofillusorycorre

8、lationoutweighsthatofpersonallifeexperience．Therefore，differe