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1、ILLUMINATINGTHEDARKSECTOROFTHEUNIVERSESUSANGARDNER,PHYSICSANDASTRONOMY,UNIVERSITYOFKENTUCKYKentuckySkyTalkDecember8,20111Thursday,December8,2011AnAnalogy...AVisittoMammothCaveAgramofuranium-235(U-235)convertedvianuclearprocessesreleasesaboutthreemilliontimesmoreenergythanagramofcoalburnedconv
2、entionally2Thursday,December8,2011ObservationalEvidenceforaDarkUniverse•DarkMatterandDarkEnergyareNOTluminous•DarkMatterfirstinvokedtoexplain“missingmatter”(Zwicky,1933)•Recent,disparateresultsconcur!3Thursday,December8,2011ObservationalEvidenceforDarkMatterGalacticRotationCurvesVeraRubinMeasu
3、retherotationvelocityfromDopplershiftofneutralH(21cm)4Thursday,December8,2011ObservationalEvidenceforDarkEnergySomekindsofstellarexplosions(Supernovae)haveacommonintrinsicbrightnessTheyare“standardcandles”•Thedistancetothemcanbemeasuredtwodifferentways-throughtheirapparentTychoRemnant,TypeIaS
4、upernovabrightnessandthroughtheirrecessionvelocity•Themismatchyields“darkenergy”5Thursday,December8,2011TheExpandingUniverse•Allgalaxiesmoveawayfromus-andeachother!•Hubble’sLawcanbeusedtomeasuredistance•``DarkEnergy”meanstheexpansionisaccelerating!6Thursday,December8,2011ACosmicConcordance!•T
5、herearemorewaystostudydarkmatteranddarkenergy-wecanlookatthefractionsofenergydensityinmatter,light,anddarkenergy•Differentobservationsagree!7Thursday,December8,2011TheEnergyBudgetoftheUniverse8Thursday,December8,20119Thursday,December8,2011WhatisallthisDarkStuff?•Wedon’tknow,butwehopetofindout
6、!NoneoftheseeffectsareinStandardModelofparticleinteractions!•Whatprospectsdowehave?Perhapsdarkmatterisanewparticle-wecanhopetoproduceitatahigh-energyaccelerator(LHC)ordetectitsexistencedirectlyorindirectlyWecanalsomakemoreobservationalstudies-willthecosmicconcordancesurviveincreasinglyprecise
7、surveys?!10Thursday,December8,2011http://www.fnal.gov/pub/science/frontiers/11Thursday,December8,2011OutlookThefutureisbrightforthedarksector!Throughongoingexperimental,observational,andtheoreticalinvestigationwehopetodiscoverwhatdarkmatteran
